Grammar a Day - Level 1 [ がてら (gatera) ]

がてら (gatera) - while doing something

--- Notes ---
[がてら]
Used to express getting one thing accomplished while doing a second thing.
Perhaps a good English equivalent would be 'to kill two birds with one
stone.'

--- Examples ---
散歩がてら本屋に寄った。
Since I took a walk. I stopped at a bookshop.

ドライブがてら駅に私を迎えにきてください。
Since you go for a run in the car, coud you pick me up at the station?

息抜きがてら同僚とチャットをする。
Chat with a colleague on the internet for a change.

せっかく上京したのだから見物がてら、買い物でもしよう。
Since I've come all the way to the capital, I might as well get some
shopping done on top of sightseeing.

--- Comments ---
more formal than -nagara but similar - ?? (contributor: dc)

gatera can be reaplced with ついでに or wo を兼ねて.
○散歩ついでに、本屋に寄った。
○散歩を兼ねて、本屋に寄った。
ｘ散歩をしながら、本屋に寄った。This is not natural.
I think that がてら is used to show another action （本屋に寄る）
taken place in the middle of one main action （散歩をする）,
散歩→本屋→散歩
While ながら、two or more actions are at the same time.
eg. 友だちと喋りながら歩く。 I walk as talking with a
friend.　歩く=喋る (contributor: Miki)

You can also use かたがた.
散歩かたがた公園に行った. (contributor: bamboo4)

got it. so its not a verb ending like 〜ながら。
It means more like 'on the occasion of' or 'while doing A, also did B' than
'during or while' ... ie slightly separated incidents.

Is it a very formal/written phrase? (contributor: dc)

Right on, dc.

ついでに is conversational, がてら,かねて and かたがた are
predominantly used in writing. (contributor: bamboo4)

My book says that this is not used for a 'big' event. It is used for
something small or something that can be finished soon.
旅行がてら = NO
散歩がてら = OK (contributor: blabby)

No, that is not correct.がてら can be used in any situation where you
say 'while doing X, I also did Y.'

There is such limitation as Blabby refers to.

It is perfectly correct to say
中国旅行がてらタイにも足を伸ばした。Or
花子と話がてら、夏子にも挨拶した。

I dn't know what your book is, but if that's what it says,it is not
correct.

(contributor: bamboo4)

The book I am using is
実力アップ！日本語能力試験一級文法編 by Unicom. The
explanations are in Japanese so Ill quote from the book.

〜がてら　ー　(〜をするときに)
たいへんなことや大きいことではなく、小さいことやすぐに終わること。
×旅行がてら　　○散歩がてる

Maybe this books explanations are not as good as I thought... (contributor:
blabby)

I think that 'gatera' is most like 'tsuideni'. It means 'on the occasion
of'.
To Mikisan: Vる/N の+ ついでに
--> 散歩のついでに....
(contributor: amenya)

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Grammar a Day - Level 1 [ なり (nari2) ]

なり (nari2) - expresses continuing state

--- Notes ---
Verb(た形)+なり implies one movement is continuing. 〜したまま。

--- Examples ---
会社を出たなり、いつまでも帰らない。
He left the office and hasn't come back.

彼女を見つめたなり、しばらくの間微動だにしなかった。
He stared at her and didn't move an inch for a while.

--- Comments ---
is this identical to -kiri
行ったきり
行ったなり
he went ... (and hasnt been seen since) (contributor: dc)

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Grammar a Day - Level 1 [ さすが (sasuga) ]

さすが (sasuga) - as expected, after all

--- Examples ---
さすが、彼は期待を裏切らないね。
That's just what one would expect of him.

さすがだね。君ならやってくれると思っていたよ。
Excellent! It's just like you to come through like that.

さすがに偉大な学者だけあって、彼はその問いに容易に答えた。
Like the great scholar that he was, he answered the question easily.

年の功と言うのか、彼の意見はさすがに一日の長があるね。
Maybe it's his age but his opinions seem a little more grounded in
experience than everyone else's.

彼はさすがに大学へ行っただけのことはある。
He did not go to college for nothing.

本当の事を言ったとはさすがに勇気がある。
You were courageous to tell the truth.

--- Comments ---
seems to usually be used for positive things. you would not say 'he
cheated. after all, he is a lawyer..' (contributor: dc)

ex4131 一日の長 ichijitsu no chou 〔論語 Analects〕:
経験・技能・知識などに若干すぐれていること。
(contributor: Miki)

さすが = さすがに　流石 sasuga (contributor: Miki)

This might be a good example of how to use さすが in a more casual way.

Last time I went to karaoke I went with a bunch of bandmen, and after a
vocalist of a certain band blew us all away, everyone said at the same
time「さすがにプロだね！！」 (contributor: マリ)

Mikiさん、例文[#4132]には何か間違っている、あるいは不足しているみたいな気がしているけど再調査をお願いします。
(contributor: ppmohapatra)

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Grammar a Day - Level 1 [ みせる (miseru) ]

みせる (miseru) - am determined to

--- Examples ---
今年こそは修士論文を書き上げてみせる。
This very year or never, I'm going to finish my MA thesis, if you will.

読んでみせる
I'm going to read it, if you will.

どんな手を使ってでも勝ちとってみせる。
I win by all means.

私はどんな困難にも耐えてみせる。
I'm sure I can overcome any difficulty.

石にかじりついても成功してみせる。
I will succeed at any cost.

--- Comments ---
the will read ex is more a usage example - note the in boxes. i decided to
skip a big coding exercise and use the existing structure to include basic
grammar usage too. (contributor: dc)

This is an (or however you're going to categorize 'verb-te aux-verb'
(contributor: Amatuka)

not to be confused with 見せかける, to pretend/feign or have outward
appearance (usually used for things though) (contributor: dc)

...してみせる is a very difficult concept to convey. I am not sure
that there is an English equivalent. (contributor: bamboo4)

After thinking about it at length, I scrap verything I said and decided
that the best Japanese equivlant is 'if you will.'
That's not exactly the concept behind みせる but I think it is what I
would say if I am speaking in English. (contributor: bamboo4)

what about simply 'i'll show you! '? (contributor: rasmusjp)

'i'll show you! '? sounds like a really easy way to remember this. i wonder
if its accurate translation of the mood... (contributor: dc)

in many movies and comics that i translate(d), みせる is usually said by
annoyed youths, so the mood might as well be the same :) (contributor:
Kaens)

This is a tricky one. I think that the translation into 'I'll show you' is
good - except that you wouldn't really say that in English.
It is a form used when you have something to prove, or the desire to show
someone that you can/will do (whatever).
That said, in English there is no set phrase commonly uttered aloud to
express that feeling.
(Other than 'I'll show you/him/her/them!', but that is more often said to
one's self, rather than to another.
Compare
りんごを食べる！　
- I will eat an apple

りんごを食べてみせる！
- I will eat an apple (*while thinking* ...and show you! You said I
couldn't, so this will show you how wrong you are!) (contributor: skottt)

There are plenty of good translations in English.

The phrases 'Just you wait!' and 'You'll see!' pop immediately to mind, in
terms of phrases you can use when you've got something to prove.

The only difference? It's not in vogue in America to directly convey that
you have something to prove -- has a bit of the air of a children's
cartoon.

As a result, both of the phrases above, while a good translation, are
mostly only used in a silly or archaic fashion in English.

For instance, when I make fun of my girlfriend, she always replies
defiantly, 'One day I'll show you, you big lout!'

You could translate that to 'Itsuka Utte miseru!' (The 'utsu' verb for
exacting revenge, I forget the kanji)

It's archaic language used to convey a silly effect, not because the words
are 'old fashioned' but because the *feeling behind them* isn't one that
English speakers like to directly express. (contributor: Televangelist)

can it be thought of in contrast with ~てみる　? if so would the
translation of ~てもせる be ? (contributor: gandal)

how about this for a simpler explanation. the verb 見せる means to show.
so してみせる　could best be translated as I will see (because I will
show you).

Ex

今年、僕は大学を卒業してみせる｡
You will see, This year I will graduate.
(contributor: tigert)

How about 'too' as in, I will too eat the apple! (contributor: db)

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Grammar a Day - Level 1 [ いかにも (ikanimo) ]

いかにも (ikanimo) - seems (but is not); indeed

--- Notes ---
Description + いかにも + evidence to the contrary = seems (but isn't)
Desciption + いかにも = indeed

--- Examples ---
あのかばんはいかにも重そうだが、中身はからで、１キロしかない。
The bag indeed looks heavy, but there's nothing inside, so it only weighs 1
kilo.

あの人は見かけはいかにもこわそうだが、本当はとても優しい人です。
That guy has a really frightening look, but he is in fact a very gentle
person.

いかにもあいつの言いそうなことだ。
That indeed sounds like what he would have said.

あのスーツはいかにも高そうだ。
That suit has an expensive look.

いかにもビルのやりそうなことだ。
That's Bill all over.

いかにもリゾートって感じの格好ね。
Your clothes say 'vacation resort' to me.

こんなおふざけはいかにもベーカー氏らしい。
Such playfulness is characteristic of Mr Baker.

こんな格好をしているといかにもスポーツをしてそうに見えるけど、全然やってないんだよ。
I look for all the world like an athlete in this outfit, but the truth is I
don't do any sports at all.

そうしたしゃべりかたはいかにも彼らしい。
That way of talking is typical of him.

そうした話し方はいかにも彼らしい。
That way of talking is typical of him.

そのような行いはいかにもメグらしい。
Such behavior is just like Meg.

そんな発言はいかにも彼らしい。
Such words are particular to him.

事象として簡単なことを、いかにも難しそうに表現する人は、あまり頭がよさそうではない。
A person who makes an easy matter sound difficult does not seem to be so
smart.

遅刻するなんていかにも彼らしいと思う。
I firmly believe it is characteristic of him to be late.

遅れてやってくるのは、いかにも彼のやりそうなことだった。
It was typical of him to arrive late.

朝食前に出勤するなんていかにも彼らしい。
It is characteristic of him to go to work before breakfast.

彼はいかにも「営業」って感じだね。
He's a salesman's salesman.

彼はいかにも私の親友らしく見せかけた。
He posed as my close friend.

彼女の口振りはいかにもそらぞらしい。
She talks too aloofly.

--- Comments ---
ex#2993 とても親切な人でした。not でた。
you can also say,
見るからに重さそうだが、見るからに恐そうだが、.
(contributor: Miki)

In #2993, if you want to say 親切な, you have to say 'kind,' but if you
say 優しい then you can say 'gentle.' YOu can be 親切 but do not
necessarily be 優しい and vice versa.
(contributor: bamboo4)

JDict gives both kind and gentle as meanings for both - can you clarify?

親切な　【しんせつ】kind
優しい　【やさしい】gentle (contributor: dc)

It is true that 親切な and 優しい are often mixed up. However,
technically speaking 親切 is what is represented by the act of Good
Samaritan in the Bible, meaning going out of one's way to help, but this
does not necessrily mean he is 優しい, which means that he is gentle of
disposition and sweet-tempered. A sweet-tempered person could often be a
kind person at the same time, but that is not the necessary condition.
(contributor: bamboo4)

Edited #2993. (contributor: bamboo4)

I added in a note that clarified a bit of confusion for me. After I wrote
it, it seemed a bit obvious, but I suppose that's how learning goes. I hope
it's useful for others, and the kind of note that's desired. (contributor:
Ebisu Dave)

ex #3968 ' With this appearance/outfit, I indeed look like doing sports,
but the truth is I don't do any sports at all. ' Sounds better.
(contributor: 誠)

The note says Description + いかにも but all the examples appear to be
いかにも + Description. Should we change that? (contributor: yookoso)

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Grammar a Day - Level 1 [ 貰う (morau) ]

貰う (morau) - have someone do something for you

--- Notes ---
morau is a fairly informal/plain/gruff way of asking someone to do
something for you.

書いてもらうか？ = can you write it for me?
- something a boss might say to a junior

書いてくれる？
- more common, not overly polite, OK to use between friends

書いて頂けますか？
- slightly keigo, something you might say to your boss

やる is a pretty rough verb.
With 貰う makes things sound pretty blunt:
　　やってもらう = hey, do it for me.

--- Examples ---
私は父にカメラを買って貰った

My father bought a camera for me

私は友達に日本語を教えて貰っている

I am having a friend teach me japanese

コンビニで、何か買って貰いたいですか？
At the store, is there anything you want me to buy for you?

４時に医者に診てもらう予約をした。
I made an appointment to see the doctor at four o'clock.

あなたはグリーン先生に英語の発音を直してもらうべきだ。
You should have Mr Green correct your English pronunciation.

今すぐ髪を切ってもらう必要はないよ。
You need not have a haircut right now.

ことによると、きみにも一緒にきてもらう。
Maybe you better come with us.

このヒーターは故障しているようなので、彼に修理してもらう予定だ。
Since this heater seems to be out of order, I'll have him repair it.

この椅子を修理してもらうのにどれくらいかかるのでしょうか。
What would it cost to have this chair repaired?

この仕事は誰にもしてもらうわけにはいかない。
I can't get this work done by anybody.

この車は修理してもらう必要がある。
This car needs repairing.

じゃあ、言わせてもらうけど。
Let me tell you something.

--- Comments ---
貰う and あげる are two faces of one coin. The former describes the
situation from the position of a receiver, whereas the latter describes the
situation from the side of the giver. Note also that やる, also the verb
describing the situaiton from the standpoint of the giver, is relatively
impolite as contrasted to あげる. When you feed a pet you use やる but
that can also be used in case of humans if the receiver is inferior to
you.In the same vein, 貰う and くれる have the same kind of semantic
difference as would exist between あげる and やる.
(contributor: bamboo4)

bamboo - tried to distill your comments into a note at the top. feel free
to add notes instead of comments when you think you have a summary
explanation... (contributor: dc)

where does fit on this continuum? I have heard it used mainly for
'receiving'.
are & kind of opposites like & ? ie the polite forms of give and
receive/ also used as 'do for you' & 'you do for me' (contributor: dc)

'itadaku' ia a honorific of 'morau.' 'itashimasu' does not belong here.
(contributor: bamboo4)

bamboo4- if you put the items like itadaku in square brackets, rather than
'quotes' they will come up as hilited links like this:
btw can you explain ? (contributor: dc)

is 'to do' spoken in a modest manner, or which the Japanese call 謙譲語.
私がいたします would be directed to your superior meaning that 'I
will do that.' It has nothing to do with 'giving' or 'receiving' which
would be involved in 貰う and あげる.
(contributor: bamboo4)

Another honorific for give is ｛さしあげる｝that can be used in such
cases as ｛してさしあげる｝meaning as a very polite expression.
It can be used with a number of other verbs, too. (contributor: bamboo4)

Hi, I think that 'morau' is actually not a Level 1 JLPT expression. This
is perhaps more like Level 3 expression, since this is normally not
considered an advanced expression.

I also think that in practice, Shite Sashiageru is not really used often.
Rather, they would use 'shitai to omoimasu' as a replacement. I think the
only situations in which you would use Shite Sashiageru is to someone who's
of higher social ranking than you, and also very close to you. (Perhaps
your close grandmother, or someone like that) (contributor: nhk9)

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Grammar a Day - Level 1 [ 〜っぱなし (ppanashi) ]

〜っぱなし (ppanashi) - Keep ~ing / To leave ~

--- Notes ---
Verb(ます形) + っぱなし

--- Examples ---
新幹線の中では、東京から青森まで３時間立ちっぱなしだった。足が痛くなっちゃった！
On the shinkansen from Toukyou to Aomori I kept standing up for 3 hours. My
feet hurt!

ここに置きっぱなしにしちゃダメでしょ。
Hey, you can't leave your things here.

ゴミを散らかしっぱなしにしないでね。
Don't drop your rubbish about, ok.

友達のビデオが借りっぱなしだ。早く返さなくちゃ。
I borrowed my friends video and didn't return it. I'd better return it
soon.

--- Comments ---
This is a rare case of 一級 grammar that I hear in every day
conversation. I learnt this when I was still a beginner. I think it has a
similar meaning to '〜たまま'. (contributor: blabby)

It is a colloqual form of 放し, meaning doing something and leave it at
that.It has a lot more emphasis than ...たままにする. (contributor:
bamboo4)

How can I know how must I read the kanji, if in on yomi or kunyomi.
For example: in n° 5446 is:
koko ni 'TE' ki ppanachi
or
koko ni 'OKU' ki ppanachi?
It is very difficult for people who don´t know japanese very well.
(contributor: Futaro)

It's not that difficult.
The fact that there's a hiragana 'ki' after it tells you that it should be
'oki'. This has nothing to do with this grammar though... (contributor:
kryptolus)

It's common practice that in compounds you'll be using onyomi.
(contributor: Cacawate)

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Grammar a Day - Level 1 [ 〜でなくてな���だろう (denakute-nandarou) ]

〜でなくてなんだろう (denakute-nandarou) - If thats not ... I
don't know what is

--- Notes ---
always follows a noun. written only

〜でなくてなんだろう literally means : 'If it is not 〜,then
what it is/ what can it be?'

--- Examples ---
このケーキが世界一でなくてなんだろう。
If this isn't the world's best cake, then I don't know what is.

あの国の大統領は国民の意見は無視して何でも自分一人で決定する。これが独裁者でなくてなんだろう。
The president of that country decides everything himself ignoring nation's
concerns. If that's not dictatorship, then i don't know what is.

自分の命を犠牲にして多くの人を救ったあの男が英雄でなくてなんだろう。

--- Comments ---
JLPT Level 4? (contributor: anon)

well spotted. Level 1 i think. (contributor: dc)

JPLT Level 1 without a doubt. (contributor: olivier)

not to be a nit-picker, but how does that example sentence fit in with
'written only'? (contributor: rasmusjp)

suppose we're talking about a person, is 〜でなくてだれだろう
acceptable? (same goes for places, time, etc) (contributor: cosmo)

たとえば？あの人はスミスさんでなくてだれだろう？とか？I
think its grammatically correct its just probably not used. Also consider
that when speaking about other people you have to be careful about
politeness, so saying なくてだれだろう？might be considered a
little bit rude. (contributor: iamharenchi)

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Grammar a Day - Level 1 [ 〜ともなく (tomonaku) ]

〜ともなく (tomonaku) - Without really planning to, ~

--- Notes ---
「〜と(も)なく／〜と(も)なしに」は疑問詞（疑問詞＋助詞）につくときは、「＜いつ・どこで・誰が・何を＞かよくわからないが、〜」という不確かさを表します。また、感覚・知覚・思惟などを表す動詞を反復し、「見るともなく見る／聞くともなく聞く」のように「〜しようというつもりはなく、ただ、なんとなく〜する」という無意識で行われた動作を表します。日本語の不作為・無意識の行為を表す代表がこの「〜ともなく／〜ともなしに」だと言えるでしょう。

When 「〜と(も)なく／〜と(も)なしに」is attached to a
question word (or question word and particle), it expresses uncertainty
(about when, where, who, what). Alternatively, when used on either end of
verbs expressing sensation, perception or speculation, as
in「見るともなく見る／聞くともなく聞く」, it indicates
that the action happens unintentionally or without conscious effort. This
model can be said to be representative of Japanese phrases expressing
involuntary/unconscious actions.

)「…となく…となく」の形で慣用的に用いる。
「夜≠ﾈく昼≠ﾈく」

--- Examples ---
ゴロゴロしながら見るともなく外を見ると、アンパンマンがいました！
Without really planning, I looked ouside and saw anpanman!

どこからともなく
Out of thin air...

待つこともなく彼女が現れた。
I had not waited long before she turned up.

彼女はどこからともなくひょっこりやってきた。
She came up from goodness knows where.

見るともなくぼんやり外を見ていたら、不意に大きなカラスが飛んできた。
I was gazing absentmindedly out of the window, when suddenly a large crow
flew towards me.

--- Comments ---
You can also say 〜ともなしに (contributor: blabby)

I think example #5181 is different grammar. 待つこと、もなく、〜
(contributor: blabby)

Correct! ex #5181 does not belong here. (contributor: bamboo4)

#5986 could be translated as:

I just happened to glance outside, when suddenly a large crow flew towards
me. (contributor: montydrei)

見るともなくぼんやり外を見ていたら can be translated as 'I
was looking outside absent-mindedly without really seeing anything.....'
(contributor: bamboo4)

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Today's Economics

Volume 40 10/22/2008 In this issue • Main Articles • Free Services & Links • Refer-A-Friend and Win • Forward to a Friend • Risk Disclosures

Main Articles Comex Gold Very Oversold; Dollar Very Overbought Goldseek.com | October 22, 2008 | View It "gold remains up by more than 16% (even in dollar terms) since the start of the credit crisis." Comex Gold Continues to Slump Despite Soaring Demand for Physical Gold Market Oracle | October 21, 2008 | View It "It is estimated that COMEX only have enough gold to deliver on some 10% of the outstanding contracts." Aftershock and Gold Rocket James West - Midas Letter | October 22, 2008 | View It "both gold and silver are on the verge of a tremendous breakout to the upside," Gold's New 14 Year High Adrian Ash | October 22, 2008 | View It "the US stock market just sank to a 14-year low against gold." Trying to Find a Bottom David Chapman | October 22, 2008 | View It "all the platinum in the world would fill an average living room. All the gold ever produced would fill an average house." Register For our VIP Customer Reward Program Register for our VIP program and receive discounts on shipping, special reports, investment seminars, books and precious metal products. And if you are happy with our services and know someone who may have an interest in owning gold or metals, you can get them FREE delivery on their first order! If anyone you refer decides to do business with us, well give them FREE delivery (up to $70.00) on their first order ... and you'll also get our thank you points to use towards our special thank you gifts. To Register now... Click Here Free Services & Links • Metal Price Alerts by Email • Request Free Information • Request Gold IRA Information • Subscribe to the Newsletter • Prudent Bear American Eagles at 1% Over Cost • Gold is moving - and projections from even the major brokerages say, "gold will hit $1500 within the next five years". Lear would like to offer the easiest way to start your gold purchase with the American Eagle at just 1% over dealer cost! And by acting now, we will even cover your shipping cost on your first order when you use the promo code NL101 when you check out. Online special only, click here to take advantage.

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Grammar a Day - Level 1 [ 〜に越したこ���は無いが (ni koshita koto ha nai ga) ]

〜に越したことは無いが (ni koshita koto ha nai ga) - Normally
Its better to (You can never have too much)

--- Examples ---
用心に越したことはないんですが．．
You can never be too careful

この仕事は経験がなくてもかまわないが、もちろんある
に越したことは無い。
This job doesn't require experience but it would probably be an advantage.

明日、雨が降らないと言っても、傘を持つに越したことは無い。
Even though they said it won't rain tomorrow, better to have your umbrella
with you just in case.

病気の時は寝るに越したことはない。
When you are sick, sleeping is the best thing to do.

日本語が話せるようになりたかったら、日本へ行くに越したことはないと思うけれど、まずアメリカでちゃんと勉強してから行った方がいいと思います。
If you want to become proficient in Japanese, the best thing is to go to
Japan, but I think you should first study properly in America.

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Grammar a Day - Level 1 [ 今から思えば (imakaraomoeba) ]

今から思えば (imakaraomoeba) - Looking back on it now

--- Examples ---
今から思えばあの時に会社を辞めたことは間違いではなかった。
Looking back on it now, quitting the company was the right thing to do.

今から思えば両親に言われた通りにしておけば良かった。
Looking back on it now I wish i had done things the way my parents told
me.

今から思えばまだ両親に手伝うことをしなかった。
Looking back on it now I haven't done anything to help my parents.

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Grammar a Day - Level 1 [ まみれ (mamire) ]

まみれ (mamire) - covered in

--- Examples ---
その子供たちは全身ほこりまみれだった
The children were covered with dirt from head to foot

彼は全身泥まみれだった。
He was covered with mud from head to foot.

そのナイフは血にまみれていた。
The knife was covered in blood.

彼の額は汗まみれだった。
Sweat bathed his forehead.

インドにお互いを色でまみれる祭がある。
There is a festival of coloring each other in India.

--- Comments ---
誇りまみれ (contributor: dc)

それを言うならば、埃まみれ hokori mamire
I'd rather covered with pride than dust, though. (contributor: Miki)

In 4175 「血に」の「に」が必要ですか　 (contributor:
inevittable)

This is similar to darake, but mimare is only for liquids or powders like
blood or dust, whereas darake can be for these things and things like
mistakes, and holes (as in a car riddled with bullet holes). (contributor:
inevittable)

inevittable, I'm pretty sure 4175 needs the に because まみれ is in its
verb form and not followed by だ or だった。 (contributor: tmkain)

>>inevittable

tmkain is absolutely correct; if it was まみれ as in all other examples
you could say
血まみれ。「彼の顔が血まみれだった。」「彼の顔が血にまみれた。」
(contributor: マリ)

すみません。ミキさんとｄｃさんがお喋っていることを良く分かりませんがもっと詳しく説明してくださいませんか。多分完璧の例文は「誇りまめれるより埃まみれた方が良い」になります。
(contributor: ppmohapatra)

if I can use mamire with something abstract like love or not. Can I say:
'私は今本当に幸せです．回りの人の愛まみれですから。"
(contributor: amenya)

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Grammar a Day - Level 1 [ 〜を限りに (wo kagiri ni) ]

〜を限りに (wo kagiri ni) - with 〜, some continuing activity will
end (or a prohibition on an activity will start)

--- Examples ---
今日を限りに、この学校ともお別れです。
After today I'll say goodbye to this school, too.

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Grammar a Day - Level 1 [ あっての (atteno) ]

あっての (atteno) - Thanks to (various things), (outcome)

--- Examples ---
あなたの援助あっての私の成功。
My success is thanks to your support.

今日の私があるのも、２０数年前に私を産んでくれた両親あっての事です。
What I am today is thanks to my parents who gave me a life twenty some
years ago.

なんの気なしに言っただけで、別に悪気があってのことではありません。
I just said so without thinking much about it. I didn't mean anything
serious.

事故で車は全損って嘆いているけどさ、怪我がなくてなにより、命あっての物種だよ。
I know you're complaining about your car being totaled but it's just a good
thing you weren't injured. You should be thankful to be alive.

命あっての物種。
While there is life, there is hope.

日々の練習あっての勝利だ。
Victory is not possible without everyday practice. .

--- Comments ---
Noted on a site as 'JLPT 2' level. (contributor: your name)

ケータイで読めるだ！ (contributor: まさか)

I can't find this in my copies of JPLT2 grammar... (contributor: halx)

English version of the example is kinda awkward. (contributor: bamboo4)

Its JLPT1 (contributor: dc)

A good translation of AあってのB might be 'B exists because of A' or
more naturally, 'B wouldn't be anything without A'? (contributor: blabby)

AあってのB means 'there ain't no B except for A.'

平和があっての経済の発展 would therefore mean 'There would be
no economic prosperity without peace.' (contributor: bamboo4)

What if you said,
平和あっての経済の発展

Does that still make sense? (contributor: rogen)

I think so. (contributor: Miki)

#3645 is seems to be different in meaning and form from the あっての
construction described here; rather it seems to simply be a form of ある.
(contributor: mochabean)

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Grammar a Day - Level 1 [ なしに (nashini) ]

なしに (nashini) - without

--- Examples ---
あなたのおもてなしにはどんなに感謝しても感謝しきれません。
Your hospitality cannot go unthanked.

この辞書なしには済まされない。
I can't do without this dictionary.

その取り決めは、予告なしに変ることがある。
The arrangements are subject to change without notice.

だれも努力なしには何事も成し遂げられない。
No one can achieve anything without effort.

なんの気なしに言っただけで、別に悪気があってのことではありません。
I just said so without thinking much about it. I didn't mean anything
serious.

ぶどう酒なしには一日も過ごせない、と彼は言う。
He says he can't go without wine even for a day.

--- Comments ---
I guess this would be the noun version of [Vn-zu] (not doing something)?
(contributor: Antonio)

what does o-motenashi have to do with the suffix (?) 'nashi'? (contributor:
shijin)

Nothing. #4122 おもてなし does not fit to this entry. (contributor:
Miki)

Agreed. omotenashi = hospitality.
ex #4122 can be translated literally as:
For your hospitality, I cannot completely express my gratefulness no matter
how I thank you. (contributor: 誠)

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Today's Economics

Volume 39 10/16/2008 In this issue • Main Articles • Free Services & Links • Refer-A-Friend and Win • Forward to a Friend • Risk Disclosures

Main Articles JP Morgan Raises 2008-09 Gold Price Forecast London Reuters | October 15, 2008 | View It "JP Morgan is raising its price forecast for gold for 2008 and 2009 on expectations investors will buy into bullion as a haven from risk." Bernanke: No Quick Recovery CNNMoney.com | October 15, 2008 | View It "Ben Bernanke warned that the U.S. economy will take some time to recover - even if the credit markets return to normal soon." Zurich Bank's Vault "Full to the Top" on Gold Demand Rachel Graham - Bloomberg | October 15, 2008 | View It "Demand is so strong," "Our vaults are full right up to the top." Fed Official Hints at Recession CNNMoney.com | October 15, 2008 | View It "Indeed, the U.S. economy appears to be in a recession," She added "This is not a controversial view." Fears Of World Recession Mount Washington AFP | October 15, 2008 | View It "The world economy is still headed into a recession despite the global financial market rescue effort," Register For our VIP Customer Reward Program Register for our VIP program and receive discounts on shipping, special reports, investment seminars, books and precious metal products. And if you are happy with our services and know someone who may have an interest in owning gold or metals, you can get them FREE delivery on their first order! If anyone you refer decides to do business with us, well give them FREE delivery (up to $70.00) on their first order ... and you'll also get our thank you points to use towards our special thank you gifts. To Register now... Click Here Free Services & Links • Metal Price Alerts by Email • Request Free Information • Request Gold IRA Information • Subscribe to the Newsletter • Prudent Bear American Eagles at 1% Over Cost • Gold is moving - and projections from even the major brokerages say, "gold will hit $1500 within the next five years". Lear would like to offer the easiest way to start your gold purchase with the American Eagle at just 1% over dealer cost! And by acting now, we will even cover your shipping cost on your first order when you use the promo code NL101 when you check out. Online special only, click here to take advantage.

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Grammar a Day - Level 1 [ ふと (futo) ]

ふと (futo) - suddenly, by coincidence

--- Notes ---
and do not always have negative connotations

whereas implies more regret, or that the action was done carelessly.

other words for suddenly include
　いきなり
　突然「とつぜん」

--- Examples ---
電車の中でふと木村さんを見かけた
By coincidence, I happened to see Kimura san on the train

ふと新しい考えが浮かんだ。
Suddenly, I hit upon this new idea.

テレビを見ていて学生時代の友達をふと思い出した。
Watching TV,I had this instant recall of the memory of my friend during my
student days.

ふとした事が人生の分かれ目になることがある。
A pure happenstance can be a die-casting event in your life.

うまい考えがふと浮かんだ。
A happy idea came upon me.

素晴らしい考えがふと心に浮かんだ。
A bight idea occurred to me.

その言葉はふと彼の口から漏れた。
That word dropped from his mouth.

その老人はふと立ち止まって振り返った。
The old man stopped suddenly and looked back.

それは秘密にしておくべきではないと私はふと思った。
It occurred to me that I should not keep it secret.

ふとしたことからその噂は嘘だと分った。
Accidentally, the rumor has turned out to be false.

財布を家に忘れてきたことをふと思い出した。
It occurred to me that I had left my purse at home.

私の見たことを話そうかなとふと思った。
I had a notion to tell what I had seen.

私はふとその男が私をだまして金を奪い取ろうとしているのだと思った。
It occurred to me that the man was tryng to cheat me out of moy money.

私はふと彼女が何かを隠そうとしていると感じた。
It struck me that the girl was trying to hide something.

私は列車の中に鞄を忘れたことをふと思い出した。
It occurred to me that I had left my bg on the train.

試行錯誤の末、彼はふと正しい答えを思いついた。
Through trial and error, he found the right answer by chance.

彼こそ適任者であるという考えがふと心に浮かんだ。
It occurred to me that he was the right man.

彼はそれを見るとふと魔がさして盗んだ。
The sight tempted him to steal.

彼はわざとそうしたんだとふと私は思った。
It occurred to me that he had done it on purpose.

彼は何かを隠そうとしていると、私はふと思った。
It occurred to me that he was trying to conceal something.

彼は真実を何も言わないかもしれないということがふと頭に浮かんだ。
It occurred to me that he might not tell the truth.

彼らのあざ笑いをふと耳にした。
I overheard their mockery.

彼女はふと名案を思いついた。
She hit upon a good idea.

僕はふと足を止めた。〔M〕
Suddenly, my feet stopped.

--- Comments ---
whats the difference with いきなり or 突然？ (contributor: dc)

hmm this is a very good question... Let me think. (contributor: Miki)

ふと would be used in the sense of 'incidentally' or 'by some unexpected
turn of event.' It is more or less an unexpected thing that catch you more
or less passively.

いきなり and 突然 has the connotation of 'out of blue' or 'abruptly'
so that there is a big element of surprise. (contributor: bamboo4)

what is the difference with 偶然 ? (contributor: marvin)

偶然 「ぐうぜん」 I think means more what a coincidence. As in
'what a surprise to see you here!'

突然　「とつぜん」is more similar, like 'out of the blue'.

いきなり is another similar word.
いきなり結婚した - got married all of a sudden (contributor: dc)

For me, there are hints (like endling と) for the word is an onomatopoeia
construction, that's the difference... As in,
「ふと気がついたの。」''Pooh!' - the realization came.' Although
it's not as childish in Japanese, as they use onomatopoeia words a lot.
(contributor: Kaens)

Yes. Bamboo4 is correct. 3940 should start 'Incidentally, ' (contributor:
christ)

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Grammar a Day - Level 1 [ によって (niyotte-2) ]

によって (niyotte-2) - depending on

--- Examples ---
天気によっては来ます
depending on the weather, i will come

結果によっては採用しないことがあります。
Depending upon the outcome, you may not be hired.

天気によっては中止することがあります。
Depending upon the weather, the event may be cancelled.

--- Comments ---
天気によって来ます is weird. It should be
'天気次第で行きます.'
(contributor: bamboo4)

how about
　天気によっては来ます (contributor: dc)

If you say 天気によっては来ます,it is very likely that you are
talking about some third party or things. Like in Nikko, there are many
monkeys, and you can say that to indicate that those monkeys will show up
depending on the weather.

If you are talking about yourself, it is normal to say
天気によってはゆきます or
天気によっては帰って来ます but one do not normally see
来ます very often.

(contributor: bamboo4)

erm, sorry my encoding messed up again, that first line should be 'saiyou
shinai _koto_ ga arimasu'

delete button doesn't seem to work :(
(contributor: Snake)

snake hiya - deleted your mojibake post above... dunno why your delete btn
is not working - are you logged in?
also the encoding, i haven't seen probs with. what browser/OS are you on?
(contributor: dc)

dc, I cannot delete my comment, too. When I am logged off, I cannot see
delete btn.　でしょ？ (contributor: Miki)

I could delete an example I added. (contributor: Miki)

yes, you can only delete your own comments - so you have to be logged in so
the system knows which are yours! otherwise an anonymous user could come in
and delete everything... (contributor: dc)

I was logged in, and i tried it again just then logged in, but no go. I'm
using Opera though.. gomen
ブラウザによっては削除出来ないことがあります（＾＾；
(contributor: Snake)

dang. that would class as a bug then. might be Opera cookie/session
handling. I recommend firefox but IE seems OK too. (contributor: dc)

Firefox cannot handle Japanese fonts. (contributor: bamboo4)

ex1309 天気 によっては 来ます can also be used such when you were
at a gathering and asked if you comes to next gathering.　
一郎：「次回はきますか？」Will you come next time?
花子：「天気によっては来ます。」 (contributor: Miki)

I use Firefox and have had no problems with japanese fonts..? (contributor:
dc)

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Grammar a Day - Level 1 [ ながらも (nagaramo) ]

ながらも (nagaramo) - even while, even though, as she was

--- Examples ---
少し悪いと思いながらも、彼は笑うのを抑えることはできなかった。
He could not refrain from smiling, though with a slight sense of guilt.

彼は、結婚するためにイランに帰るかもしれないと言いながらも、日本から帰った後の彼の計画は依然としてめどが立っていない。
Although he says he might return to Iran to marry, his plans after Japan
are up in the air.

彼は少ないながらも持ち合わせていた金を全部私にくれた。
He gave me what little money he had about him.

トムは元気を取り戻した。そして、やっぱり、大晦日にはびっこを引きながらもパーティーに参加できた。
Tom took heart and, sure enough, on New Year's Eve he was able to hobble
along to a party.

彼は少ないながらも彼の持ち物すべてを私にくれた。
Enough gold that have it even though there is little he were given to me.

彼女は女ながらも勇敢に戦った。
Woman as she was, she fought bravely.

彼女は少ないながらも持っていた全ての硬貨をそのものもらいに与えました。
She gave what few coins she has to the beggar.

彼女は不本意ながらもそうした。
She did it against her will.

幼いながらも、その子供は勇敢だった。
Child as he was , he was brave.

--- Comments ---
How did we end up with many duplicate examples?
(contributor: bamboo4)

I put in the same ones twice, oops. (contributor: dc)

ex #3777 'He gave me what little money he had on him.'

ex #3783 'Even though he didn't have much he gave me all that he had'
or'Even though he didn't have much he gave it all to me'

ex #3784 'Even though a woman she fought bravely' or 'Even though she was
only a woman she fought bravely'

ex #3787 'Even though he was only a child he was brave' or 'He was brave
even though only a child.'

These sound more natural to me. (contributor: Kanemiya)

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Grammar a Day - Level 1 [ ならともかく (naratomokaku) ]

ならともかく (naratomokaku) - I'm not sure if it is [possible/so]
but...

--- Notes ---
名詞句 + ならともかく, B

--- Examples ---
君ならともかく、俺はそんなことをしない。
Maybe you can do it, but I don't do such a thing.

外人ならともかく、日本人はそんなことは絶対にしない。
Maybe it's possible for a foreigner, but Japanese people would never do
that.

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Grammar a Day - Level 1 [ まさか (masaka) ]

まさか (masaka) - incredible!

--- Examples ---
まさか来るとは思わなかった。
Did I ever expect you to come!

まさか!
Incredible !

びっくりした！まさかこんなところで会うとは思わなかったよ。
Oh my gosh! You're the last person I expected to meet in a situation like
this.

彼の言ったことはまさか本当であるとは思えない。
What he said can scarcely be true.

ロニーが日本語能力試験が合格したと聞いて先生つい「まさか」と言い出しました。
Teacher automatically uttered 'masaka' when he heard that Runny cleared the
test.

--- Comments ---
真逆 [まさか] (adv) (uk) by no means, (P)
まさか (adv) never!, well, I never!, you don't say!
Literally:
真 [ま] (n,pref) just, right, due (east), pure, genuine, true, (P)
逆 [ぎゃく] (adj-na,n) reverse, opposite, (P)
逆さ [さかさ] (n) reverse, inversion, upside down, (P)
In English: 'directly opposite'

(contributor: deweychetham)

まさか coupled with negative or denial expresses unexpected hypothetical
case. Synonimous with よもや or いくらなんでも.
(contributor: bamboo4)

V-plain + とは思う is used in most of the examples above - does that
deserve its own JGram entry? (contributor: yookoso)

I think using only まさか can have the connotation of 'no way'... the
'nai' is often left unsaid.

ex:
A: 彼がもう結婚しちゃったって
B: まさか(そういうことあるわけないだろう) (contributor:
nhk9)

I agree with nhk9さん、but i think that should be under the entry of
まさか／まさか〜ないだろう
which literally ' it can't be that 〜,right?'

まさか〜とは思わなかった　should deserve a different entry ,
since it literally means
'Didn't expect 〜(to be) ' (contributor: 誠)

I agree with yookosoさん, how does V-plain +とは思う differ from
V-plain +と思う/だと思う？ (contributor: xabre24)

Another phrase I like to use when translating まさか is 'Don't tell me
... !', though that doesn't work in every case.

And a まさか phrase that doesn't translate literally is
そのまさかだ！ (or the equivalent). Sometimes, when someone says,
for example, まさか、(insert unlikely/unwelcome situation
here)じゃないだろう？ (It COULDN'T be (situation), right?), the
response is そのまさかだ！ (It IS that (situation)!). Try
translating まさか itself directly in that case, and you're just asking
for trouble. (contributor: KWhazit)

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Grammar a Day - Level 1 [ きらいがある (kiraigaaru) ]

きらいがある (kiraigaaru) - there is a tendency for ~ to happen (and
it is somewhat bad and/or a cause for concern)

--- Notes ---
きらいがある is used for tendencies or characteristics that people
have, usually unfavorable ones.

This is a formal grammar structure.

--- Examples ---
人は自分の聞きたくないことは耳に入れないというきらいがあるのではないか。
It seems people have a tendency not to listen to things they dont want to
hear, right?

彼女は優しいですが、知らずに人を傷付けることを言うきらいがある。
She is a nice person; however, she tends to say hurtful things
unintentionally.

人間は年をとると、ほかの人の話しを聞かなくなるきらいがある。
As humans get on in years, they tend to not listen to what others say.

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Grammar a Day - Level 1 [ 〜がはやいか (gahayaika) ]

〜がはやいか (gahayaika) - as soon as

--- Notes ---
Basically the same as 'ya inaya' and 'nari' but 'ga hayai ka'
indicates that the speaker was waiting for something to happen.

[接続]　:　[動詞ー辞書形 / た形]　＋　が早いが

--- Examples ---
社長が会議室に入ったがはやいか、早速会議が始まった。
As soon as the company president entered the meeting room, the meeting
started.

その朝彼がキッチンに入って来るがはやいか、彼女は彼と些細なことで口論を始めた。
As soon as he came into the room in the morning, she got into a shouting
match with him over the most trivial thing.

その力士はまわしを取るが早いか、相手を投げ飛ばした。
As soon as the sumo wrestler snared the front of the opponent's sash, he
tumbled him onto the ground.

新刊を出版したのですが、出版するが早いか腹を立てた人から手紙が届き始めました。
We put a new book out, but the second it was published we started to get
letters from angry people.

ことによるとあの女は、私が太刀打ちを始めるが早いか、人の助けでも呼ぶために、藪をくぐって逃げたかもしれない。
It's possible that as soon as I started the sword fight, that that woman
ran slipped into the grove and ran to call for help.

言うが早いかやってしまった。
No sooner said than done.

ベルが鳴ったが早いか、生徒たちは教室を飛び出して行った。
As soon as the bell rang, the students left the classroom.

--- Comments ---
This can mean 'ほとんど同時に' and as said by DC, usually you are
waiting for something. School bell, starters pistol at a race,
announcement of the winner, etc. (contributor: blabby)

やいなや meaning 'almost as soon as' is normally used and the use of
が早いか in the examples is kind of stroange.

We normally use it in such sentence as
聞くが早いか、あいつは飛び出していった。

(contributor: bamboo4)

ex.
4703での｢キッチン」と書いてある件ですが、その代わりに、台所を変えて、英語の説明では「kitchen」を変えるのはどう思いますか？
(contributor: nazonatte69)

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Grammar a Day - Level 1 [ をもって (womotte) ]

をもって (womotte) - based on

--- Notes ---
[名]＋をもって

This is a formal expression.

--- Examples ---
本日の営業は午後7時をもって終了いたします。
The store will close today at seven o'clock.

--- Comments ---
本日の営業は午後7時をもって終了いたします。
(contributor: rad)

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Grammar a Day - Level 1 [ 精一杯 (seiippai) ]

精一杯 (seiippai) - as hard as possible

--- Examples ---
できるかどうかわからないが、精一杯がんばろう
I don't know if i can do it or not, but I will try my best!

あれが彼としては精一杯の微笑だった。
That was his nearest approach to a smile.

これが精一杯です。
This is the extent of my ability.

--- Comments ---
Is this the same as 一所懸命 【いっしょけんめい】? If so, any
tips on when to use each? (contributor: yookoso)

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Grammar a Day - Level 1 [ ひとり〜だけ���なく (hitori-dakedenaku) ]

ひとり〜だけでなく (hitori-dakedenaku) -

--- Notes ---
普通、「ひとりＡだけでなくＢも」の形で用いられ、「ただＡだけでなくＢも」の意味。Ａ、Ｂには対象的、並立的あるいは類似の内容がくる。

--- Examples ---
最近のロンドン爆破テロは、ひとりイギリスだけではなく世界の問題です。
The recent terrorism in London is not simply England's problem, it involves
the whole world.

いじめや不登校問題は、ひとり教育の現場だけでなく大きな社会問題となっております。
Bullying and non-attendance is not only becoming in the field of
education but also a major social problem.

義務兵役制度は
ひとり台湾、ドイツだけでなくデンマーク、オーストリアなど全世界20カ
国で長い歴史を持っています。
Compulsory military services have a long history and are being implemented
not only in Taiwan and Germany, but in 20 countries around the world
including Denmark and Austria.

--- Comments ---
A good translation could be 'Not simply', 'Not just' or 'Not merely'. What
do you all think?

This grammar is equal to ひとり〜のみならず. (contributor: blabby)

ただ単に (contributor: Miki)

does 不登校's school refusal mean skipping school? aka playing hookey?
(contributor: purple gloomy)

Yes, in one way. 不登校 also means someone refuses to go to shool due to
psychological reason. (contributor: Miki)

It seems like 'not the only'. Maybe 'not just' is best? Can it be used in
the context of 'not the only factor/reason'? (contributor: Reality Bytes)

'Bullying and school refusal becam not only in the field of education but
also major social problem.' -- This is not a good translation.

I suggest the following:

'Things like bullying and truancy are not only problems of the field of
education; they have become major social problems.' (contributor: thekaje)

I think truancy is a better translation for 不登校. skipping school has
its own word サボする｡　IE　To sabatoge yourself, by skipping
class. (contributor: tigert)

A little off the grammar topic, delving into questions of vocab..... but
while truancy and skipping are good suggestions, they don't quite cover it.
As the example suggests this is a 'special phenomenon' in Japan that is
considered to be becoming a real social problem (aren't they special?). It
refers to a situation where a student refuses to attend school at all - As
in, they lock themselves in their room and never go out. It is not a
singular event, but an ongoing and open-ended one. Dropping out/drop outs
would probably be the most appropriate translation. (contributor: samboki)

I've edited the translation and gone for 'non-attendance'. This term seems
to be used a lot, at least here in the UK, when describing the problems of
children who are 'serial truants' and essentially refusing to go at all,
rather than simply skipping school for a day here and there (it's in the
news a lot since it became law that the parents can be prosecuted and even
sent to prison for failing to ensure their child attends school).
'Drop-out' to me suggests someone who is no longer enroled at the school as
a result of non-attendance, which is perhaps a little different (?)
If anyone disagrees, feel free to edit! (contributor: mochabean)

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Today's Economics

Volume 38 10/06/2008 In this issue • Main Articles • Free Services & Links • Refer-A-Friend and Win • Forward to a Friend • Risk Disclosures

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Grammar a Day - Level 1 [ 〜が最後 (〜gasaigo) ]

〜が最後 (〜gasaigo) - Once someone starts something, the person
can't stop it.

--- Notes ---
see http://www.geocities.com/easykanji/jlptgrammar.html

Once someone starts something, the person can't stop it.

Notes: Easily confused with ~kiri, but the meanings are completely
different and ga saigo doesn't mean 'for the last time'. Always used
with past tense verbs.

--- Examples ---
食べ出したが最後、おいしくて止められなかった
It was so delicious that once I started eating, I couldn't stop.

見つかったが最後、真珠は取上げられてしまいますぞ。
Whoever finds us will take the pearl.

入った
が最後、二度と出てこられなくなるトイレ
Such a restroom that once you enter in it, you wont ever want to come out.
(Ex:http://vgzh.dtdns.net/mt/images/rotorooter.jpg)

あいつはマイクを握ったが最後、離そうとしないカラオケ狂だ。
He is such karaoke fan that if only he gets his hands on the mike he
wouldn't drop it all night.

--- Comments ---
There are cases where this is similar to 一旦〜 (Once you 〜)
(contributor: blabby)

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Grammar a Day - Level 1 [ 今ごろになっ��� ~も (imagoroninatte) ]

今ごろになって ~も (imagoroninatte) - it's already too late

--- Notes ---
this is used like
[verb-te]+mo

--- Examples ---
今ごろになって勝訴しても、亡くなった人は帰ってこない。
Even though we won the lawsuit, it's too late to bring the dead back.

明日出発なのに、今頃になってビザがないなんて。
You are leaving tomorrow, and I can't believe at this late point you still
haven't gotten yourself a visa!

今ごろになってそのようなことを言われても遅いよ！
It's too late for you to tell me that at this stage!

今ごろになってやめろと言われても遅い
Its too late to tell me to stop now!

今頃になって（から）、切符を買うのは遅すぎる
Its too late to buy tickets now.

今ごろになって（から）、注文しても遅い

It's too late to order

今頃になってそんなこというの？
Are you telling me that at this juncture in time?

--- Comments ---
Do the brackets on #3020 and #3021 indicate that both phrases can be used
with or without から with little change in the meaning? If so, since they
are similar constructions, would it be better to have one without and one
with, and an explanation of this optional extra in the notes? (contributor:
mochabean)

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Grammar a Day - Level 1 [ は言うまでも���く (haiumademonaku) ]

は言うまでもなく (haiumademonaku) - goes without saying/not to
mention

--- Notes ---
* iu made mo naku is used only in the midle of the phase.
* iu made mo nai or 'iu mo oroka' is used in the end of the phase.

--- Examples ---
いつものカクテルは言うまでもなく、フランス製のシャンペンも出された。
We were served French champagne, not to mention the usual cocktails.

ここには、結果の不正確さは言うまでもなく、方法論上の問題が数多く存在している。
There are a number of methodological problems here, not to mention the
inaccuracy of some of the results.

その先生は、英語は言うまでもなく、立派なフランス語を話す。
The teacher speaks good French, not to mention English.

ジェーンはギターは言うまでもなく、バイオリンもひける。
Jane can play the violin, not to mention the guitar.

ボストンは私には寒すぎるが、シカゴは言うまでもなくもっと寒い。
Boston is too cold for me, let alone Chicago.

英語は言うまでもなく、彼はドイツ語も話せる。
He speaks German, not to mention English.

核兵器は言うまでもなく、原子力発電も危険である。
Nuclear power plants are dangerous, not to mention nuclear weapons.

核兵器は言うまでもなく、原子力発電所も危険である。
Nuclear power plants are dangerous, not to mention nuclear weapons.

私たちにとって彼の勇気は言うまでもなく、彼の知恵にも感嘆した。
We admired his wisdom, not to mention his courage.

私達は彼の勇気は言うまでもなく、彼の知恵にも感嘆した。
We admired his wisdom, not to mention his courage.

人を嫌うのは言うまでもなく、人を信頼できないことが、人間の苦しみの根源だ。
istrust of people, not to mention hate, is the root of human suffering.

彼の妻は今や彼らの２人の子供は言うまでもなく、彼の祖父も面倒を見なければならなかった。
His wife now had to take care of his grandfather, not to mention their two
children.

彼はスペインは言うまでもなく、ポルトガルへも行ったことがある。
He has been to Portugal, not to mention Spain.

彼はフランス語は言うまでもなく、英語も話せない。
He doesn't speak English, not to mention French.

彼は英語とフランス語は言うまでもなく、ドイツ語も話せる。
He can speak German, not to mention English and French.

彼は英語は言うまでもなくフランス語とドイツ語を話せる。
He can speak French and German, not to mention English.

彼は英語は言うまでもなくフランス語も話せる。
He can speak French, not to mention English.

彼は化学は言うまでもなく数学もほとんど知らない。
He knows little of mathematics, still of chemistry.

彼は和書は言うまでもなく洋書も読んでいる。
He reads foreign books, not to mention Japanese ones.

彼は贅沢品は言うまでもなく、日用品を買うのにも事欠く。
He cannot afford the common comforts of life, not to mention luxuries.

彼女は英語は言うまでもなく、フランス語とドイツ語も話せる。

She speaks French and German, not to mention English.

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Grammar a Day - Level 1 [ あればこそ (arebakoso) ]

あればこそ (arebakoso) - particularly thanks to

--- Examples ---
皆様の協力があればこそ無事故で完工できたことを感謝しております。
I'm thankful to you all, it's particularly because of all of your support
that we were able to complete construction without incident.

きものを着ると言う行為は、洋服以上に全身の筋肉を事細かに使うことにも驚かされます。何事もほんとうに健康で
あればこそですね。
Wearing a kimono , rather than wearing Western clothes even if you don't
use it much, can be something very stressing on your muscles.
But i guess it's all possible particularly thanks to having good health
right?

エア切れで２０メートルの深度からエアエンボにもかからず浮上できたのも、日頃の訓練あればこそでした。
The fact that I could surface from the depth of 20 meters after running out
of air without suffering air embolism could only be attributed to the
constant training I went through.

私にはその仕事がやさしいとわかった。前にもそんな仕事をしたことがあればこそだ。
I found the work easy, especially since I had done that kind of work
before.

あなたのためを思えばこそ、厳しくしているのだ。
Because I am especially thinking about your wellbeing, I am strict.

頭がよければこその悩みですね。
Especially becuase she is smart, she worries about such things.

優勝できたのは、チーム全員も協力あればこそだ。
The victory was especially due to the team members' cooperation.

--- Comments ---
Hmm, I could have done a smoother job on that translation. (contributor:
Amatuka)

NOTE that the construction is /past tense/ but あればこそ (as a set
phrase) can still be used. (contributor: Amatuka)

See also ある, こそ and ーば verb form. (contributor: Amatuka)

Appeared in 2000 JLPT level 1 (contributor: Amatuka)

Normally, you would say あったからこそ in #517.
(contributor: bamboo4)

ex#517 When you change the word order, it sounds natural.
無事故で完工できたのも、皆様の協力が
あればこそ／あったからこと と感謝しております。
(contributor: Miki)

oops　　　　　　　　　あればこそ／あったからこそ
(contributor: Miki)

I looked for more examples on the areba koso and i found this particular
sentence, i'm pretty messed up on the translation but minasan no kyouryoku
wo onegai itashimasu ^^! (contributor: Exrulez)

In ex#3195, I am not sure if the second sentence logically follows from the
preceding first sentence.In other words, the second sentence can stand on
its own without the first sentence.
(contributor: bamboo4)

There are some examples using different verbs besides ある (see my
examples). Should this be changed to 〜ばこそ? (contributor: blabby)

Agree. (contributor: Miki)

ex5312 Correct Japanese is 厳しくしているのだ。 (contributor:
Miki)

Thanks for noticing. Fixed typo. (contributor: blabby)

In #5312, 為に思えばこそ should be 為を思えばこそ.

#5314 is weird - should be deleted or corrected.
(contributor: bamboo4)

Thanks bamboo4 for checking.
I looked at #5314 and I think a more natural way of saying it would be
Ｘ　あなたが来いと言えばこそ私は来たんです。
○　あなたが来いと言ったからこそ私は来たんです。
I came especially becuase you said to.

So I moved it to . Is this correct?
Also, does anyone know the difference between 〜ばこそ and
からこそ? I read that 〜ばこそ is used after hypothetical form
(仮定形) and the sentence must end in だ/です?? I don't get it.
(contributor: blabby)

I agree that this entry should change to 'bakoso'. My understanding of the
difference from is that 〜ばこそ stresses that the preceding condition
was the *only* reason for a certain action or attitude (which is usually
proactive or positive in nature).

〜だからこそ, on the other hand, is used when you just want to
emphasize a reason. (contributor: srobertson)

ジェイグラムを見ればこそこの文法を覚えれた。

（合ってる？）Or does it have to be

この文法を覚えれたのは、ジェイグラムを見ればこそだ
(contributor: rogen)

I agree with srobertson on his explanation on 〜ばこそ which having the
preceding condition the 'only' reason for a certain action or attitude
which usually the action taken is quite overwhelming.
〜からこそ　has a more different usage where the reason is very
unexpectedly opposing to the action taken. Here is the explanation from the
book:
単純な理由ではないぶんで、よく使われる。「〜からこそ」は、次のような単純な理由を表す文に使うと不自然です。
E.g. : A : なぜ遅刻したんですか。
　　Ｘ B : 電車が遅れたからこそ遅刻したんです。
Instead,
E.g. : 愛しているからこそ別れる、ということもあ　
　　　　る。
　　　There is such a thing that 'It is because of love that is why both
separate from each other' Sorry, can't translate better.
E.g. :
あの先生は、学生に大人気です。優しいからじゃなくて、厳しいからこそ、好かれろのだ。
(contributor: 誠)

rogen
何でもいいと思うんですけど．．． (contributor: 誠)

rogen correction for you.
ジェイグラムを見たからこそ、この文法を覚えられた。
この文法を覚えられたのは、ジェイグラムを見たからこそだ。　　
so you are emphasizing the fact that 'ジェイグラムを見た'.
(contributor: Miki)

rogen すみません.
Miki's correction is correct.
[It is because I had seen Jgram, that I can remember this grammar]
In this case, you had done something, then it is because of this reason you
〜。 (contributor: 誠)

I think there is only one したことが　in ex #4755 (contributor: 誠)

#4755 corrected >誠 (contributor: dc)

I always thought that 〜ばこそ meant 'if only-', as in:
お金があればこそ来日できる。If only I had money I could visit
Japan.
(contributor: マリ)

#6268 'We are able to win because of the whole team's cooperation.' I think
that sounds better... (contributor: petra)

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