nguyenducminhanh - Blogger: April 2008

Wednesday, April 30, 2008

Grammar a Day - Level 1 [ がてら (gatera) ]

がてら (gatera) - while doing something

--- Notes ---
[がてら]
Used to express getting one thing accomplished while doing a second thing.
Perhaps a good English equivalent would be 'to kill two birds with one
stone.'

--- Examples ---
散歩がてら本屋に寄った。
Since I took a walk. I stopped at a bookshop.

ドライブがてら駅に私を迎えにきてください。
Since you go for a run in the car, coud you pick me up at the station?

息抜きがてら同僚とチャットをする。
Chat with a colleague on the internet for a change.

せっかく上京したのだから見物がてら、買い物でもしよう。
Since I've come all the way to the capital, I might as well get some
shopping done on top of sightseeing.

--- Comments ---
more formal than -nagara but similar - ?? (contributor: dc)

gatera can be reaplced with ついでに or wo を兼ねて.
○散歩ついでに、本屋に寄った。
○散歩を兼ねて、本屋に寄った。
ｘ散歩をしながら、本屋に寄った。This is not natural.
I think that がてら is used to show another action （本屋に寄る）
taken place in the middle of one main action （散歩をする）,
散歩→本屋→散歩
While ながら、two or more actions are at the same time.
eg. 友だちと喋りながら歩く。 I walk as talking with a
friend.　歩く=喋る (contributor: Miki)

You can also use かたがた.
散歩かたがた公園に行った. (contributor: bamboo4)

got it. so its not a verb ending like 〜ながら。
It means more like 'on the occasion of' or 'while doing A, also did B' than
'during or while' ... ie slightly separated incidents.

Is it a very formal/written phrase? (contributor: dc)

Right on, dc.

ついでに is conversational, がてら,かねて and かたがた are
predominantly used in writing. (contributor: bamboo4)

My book says that this is not used for a 'big' event. It is used for
something small or something that can be finished soon.
旅行がてら = NO
散歩がてら = OK (contributor: blabby)

No, that is not correct.がてら can be used in any situation where you
say 'while doing X, I also did Y.'

There is such limitation as Blabby refers to.

It is perfectly correct to say
中国旅行がてらタイにも足を伸ばした。Or
花子と話がてら、夏子にも挨拶した。

I dn't know what your book is, but if that's what it says,it is not
correct.

(contributor: bamboo4)

The book I am using is
実力アップ！日本語能力試験一級文法編 by Unicom. The
explanations are in Japanese so Ill quote from the book.

〜がてら　ー　(〜をするときに)
たいへんなことや大きいことではなく、小さいことやすぐに終わること。
×旅行がてら　　○散歩がてる

Maybe this books explanations are not as good as I thought... (contributor:
blabby)

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Tuesday, April 29, 2008

Grammar a Day - Level 1 [ どうも (doumo) ]

どうも (doumo) - apparently, naturally

--- Examples ---
この空模様では、どうも雨になりそうだ。
With this kind of sky apparently it will rain

どうもうまくゆかない。
Whatever I do, it doesn't end up well.

どうも済みません。
I feel very bad about it.

どうもよくわからん。
It's not very clear and I don't quite understand.

「あの人たちは、またストをやるんだろうか」「どうもそうらしいね」
'Will they go on strike again?' 'I'm afraid so.'

どうも行く必要はないようです。
There seems to be no need to go.

いやどうも、どうも。
Well, thank you/sorry/sorry I'm late/good to see you, etc.

--- Comments ---
済みません means that one's mind remains unsettled and therefore not
澄む, that is not clear. From 澄む came the concept of 済む meaning
'finishied.'
(contributor: bamboo4)

You can simply say どうも and you can dispense with all other phrases
you can think of!
(contributor: bamboo4)

--- View this entry online ---
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Monday, April 28, 2008

Grammar a Day - Level 1 [ 〜が最後 (〜gasaigo) ]

〜が最後 (〜gasaigo) - Once someone starts something, the person
can't stop it.

--- Notes ---
see http://www.geocities.com/easykanji/jlptgrammar.html

Once someone starts something, the person can't stop it.

Notes: Easily confused with ~kiri, but the meanings are completely
different and ga saigo doesn't mean 'for the last time'. Always used
with past tense verbs.

--- Examples ---
食べ出したが最後、おいしくて止められなかった
It was so delicious that once I started eating, I couldn't stop.

見つかったが最後、真珠は取上げられてしまいますぞ。
Whoever finds us will take the pearl.

入ったが最後、二度と出てこられなくなるトイレ
Such a restroom that once you enter in it, you wont ever want to come out.
(Ex:http://vgzh.dtdns.net/mt/images/rotorooter.jpg)

He is such karaoke fan that if only he gets his hands on the mike he
wouldn't drop it all night.
あいつはマイクを握ったが最後、離そうとしないカラオケ狂だ。

--- Comments ---
There are cases where this is similar to 一旦〜 (Once you 〜)
(contributor: blabby)

--- View this entry online ---
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Sunday, April 27, 2008

Grammar a Day - Level 1 [ 気が付いた (kigatsuita) ]

気が付いた (kigatsuita) - I realized

--- Notes ---
See also .

kigasuru - feels like

kigatsuku - i noticed
kidsuku - i realized

--- Examples ---
納豆は美味しいと気が付いた。
Natto is tasty I realized.

気がついたら病院のベッドに横たわっていた。
When I came to, I was lying down on a hospital bed.

公園のベンチにかばんを置き忘れたことに今気がついた。
I just realized that I forgot my satchel in a bench of the park.

--- Comments ---
That was the wrong つく (fixed) (contributor: Amatuka)

うそよ！納豆は美味しくないよ！ (contributor: KotatsuSama)

I'm told that you must say:
眠たいのに気が付いた
Can anyone comment on that? (contributor: hennagaijin)

Yeah I think the above is right　concerning a verb,
VERBたいのに気がついた (contributor: anna.kendall)

Actually, for a verb, it's the verb + の or こと＋に気が付いた。
(contributor: Darrkangel)

I think this entry should be 気が付いた rather than
と気が付いた. Maybe rather JPLT1 than JPLT2 too. If somebody agree
with it, I will change the entry. (contributor: 赤毛)

--- View this entry online ---
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Saturday, April 26, 2008

Grammar a Day - Level 1 [ それっきり (Sorekkiri) ]

それっきり (Sorekkiri) - Since, since then

--- Notes ---
それきり is the same as それっきり。

--- Examples ---
僕はそれっきりスパイクと会っていない
Since then, I haven't seen Spike.

店はたたれたまま、それっきりだった。
The store closed down for good.

去年１１月プネに移りました。それっきり先生と連絡しなかったです。
I shiefted to pune in november last year. After that I have not
communicated with my teacher.

--- Comments ---
ex #5042の英訳はちょっと違う気がしている。
The shop remained as it was since when it was
established.のようなやくするとどうですかと思う。
(contributor: ppmohapatra)

--- View this entry online ---
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Friday, April 25, 2008

Grammar a Day - Level 1 [ かのごとく (kanogotoku) ]

かのごとく (kanogotoku) - as if

--- Notes ---
〜かのごとく：　〜かのように + 形容詞・動詞

--- Examples ---
あたかも永遠を傷つけることがないかのごとく暇をつぶしているが・・・。
As if you could kill time without injuring eternity.

誰も見ていないかのごとく自由に踊りましょう
Dance freely as if nobody was watching.

その森の中は、何万年も前に戻ったかのごとく神秘的だった
Within this forest, it was so mysterious as if one had even gone some ten
thousands years back in time

--- Comments ---
Appeared in JLPT 1 for 2002 (contributor: Amatuka)

Seems may be used mostly in poetic / lyric sense. (contributor: Amatuka)

Actually, this entry is under ごとく since the 〜かの before it can
be seen as a noun phrase, 何万年も前に戻ったか(noun phrase)
＋　の＋　ごとく (contributor: 誠)

Actually, it sounds similar with 〜かのような, only thing is now
since the following phrase is either an Adjective or Verb, it becomes
〜かのように. And also, ごとく is a classical word. (contributor:
誠)

--- View this entry online ---
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Today's Economics

Volume 16
04/24/2008

In this issue

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John Lee | April 18, 2008 | View It
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Mark Shenk - Bloomberg.com | April 22, 2008 | View It
"Crude's 24 percent surge this year pulled gasoline and diesel to records, weighing on an economy already reeling from a credit crisis."

Oil Prices Add to Economic Woe
The Press Association | April 22, 2008 | View It
"The weak US dollar has continued to support oil prices despite strengthening this week against the yen and euro. "

Holding Gold is the Best Investment These Days
P.S. Ziad - Mumbai | April 22, 2008 | View It
"Gold's role as a hedge against inflation is unparalleled"

California's Home-Mortgage Defaults More Than Double
Daniel Taub - Bloomberg.com | April 22, 2008 | View It
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Thursday, April 24, 2008

Grammar a Day - Level 1 [ なり (nari) ]

なり (nari) - As soon as

--- Notes ---
Verb(辞書形) + なり

[AなりB] - B is often an unexpected or unusual thing.

--- Examples ---
彼は帰ってくるなり食事もせずに寝てしまいました。
As soon as he got home, he went to bed without eating.

彼はドアを開けるなり、靴をはいたまま部屋に入ってきた。
As soon as he opened the door, he walked in still wearing his shoes.

パーティー会場に入るなり、サムは食べ物めがけて突進した。
As soon as he got to the party, Sam made a bee line for the food.

ファンは、有名人と出くわすなり、彼にサインを求めた。
On encountering the celebrity, the fans asked for his autogaph.

教室に入るなり、先生は突然怒ったような口調で話しはじめた。
On entering the classroom, our teacher burst into angry speech.

入ってくるなり、彼は倒れた。
The instant he came in, he fell down.

--- Comments ---
My book says that this is for a strange or unexpected event.

X スイッチを入れるなり電気がついた。
O スイッチを入れると電気がついた。
O スイッチを入れるなり爆発が起きた。

However, my book says it is only used for Verb(辞書形)+なり, but I
have sometimes seen cases of Verb(た形)+なり from other sources. Does
anyone know which is correct? (contributor: blabby)

Verb(た形)+なり is used in a different way. It implies one movement is
continuing. 〜したまま。
会社を出たなり、いつまでも帰らない。He left the office
and hasn't come back.
彼女を見つめたなり、しばらくの間微動だにしなかった。He
stared at her and didn't move an inch for a while.
You can find better translations. (contributor: Miki)

that sounds like a totally different nari, so i created a new page for it:
[nari2] (contributor: dc)

--- View this entry online ---
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Wednesday, April 23, 2008

Grammar a Day - Level 1 [ ように (youni-2) ]

ように (youni-2) - became

--- Examples ---
だから、英語がうまく話せるようになりたいです。
So, I want to become able to speak better english

どのようにしても、わたしはかまわない。
I don't care whatever you do.

２１世紀がどのようになるのか想像できますか。
Can you imagine what the 21st century will be like?

人間は赤ん坊のときは四つんばいで、それから２本の足で歩くようになり、最後は年をとって杖が必要になる。
It crawls on all fours as a baby, then learns to walk on two legs, and
finally needs a cane in old age.

あなたが早くよくなるように祈っています。
We are hoping for your quick recovery.

--- Comments ---
ように has a meaning of 'to do' or 'so that one can do' which I guess
would include 'become.' The first example can literally be translated as
'For that reason, I want to do so that I can speak better English.'

My second example follows that vein.
(contributor: bamboo4)

Um, this might be of use but it's especially for the youni NARU -sentence
pattern. But it said in the comments of the 'youninaru' that this grammar
entry would do, so...One of the possible usages of ように:

ようになる expresses a change that takes place gradually.

With verbs:

Vdic + you ni naru= 'reach the point where~'/'come to~'

子供は自分で部屋を片付けるようになりました。
(My) child has reached the point where she cleans her room herself.

Vneg + you ni naru= 'reach the point where ~not'

林さんはたばこを吸わないようになる。
Mr.Hayashi has reached the point where he does not smoke.

*Vdic= Verb, dictionary form

---

Besides なる, there's also する and 言う verbs that can be connected
with ように to create more specific meanings...Did some of these have
their own entries...? (contributor: Naino)

--- View this entry online ---
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Tuesday, April 22, 2008

Grammar a Day - Level 1 [ ずもがな(=無��もがな ) (zumogana) ]

ずもがな(=無くもがな ) (zumogana) - Vn, As well not to ~

--- Examples ---
サッカーで日本が勝って、韓国人の金さんがどんな気持ちかなんて、そんなこと、言わずもがなのことだよ。
Japan wins at football, it's a thing you don't even need to ask about to
know how the Korean Mr. Kim feels.

新しい電気製品なんて、買わずもがなで、買うとろくなものがない。
New eletronic gadgets - Pah! - as well not to buy them, if you do then
nothing good will come of it.

あの人の書く文章には無くもがなといえる言葉が多い。
In his writings, there are a number of words which might better have been
left out.

--- Comments ---
Two general uses, 1. Something doesn't need doing / saying. (contributor:
Amatuka)

2. Something should not be done / said (contributor: Amatuka)

NOTE: This is /relatively/ low usage in modern Japanese - but appeared on
2000 JLPT level 1. (contributor: Amatuka)

I agree with NOTE. I asked J co-workers if they use 買わずもがな, I
was asked the meanings. I know only 言わずもがな. (contributor: Miki)

Formed by V-nai base + ずもがな
e.g. 買う→買わない→買わずもがな

Vn = V-nai base (contributor: Amatuka)

もがな dates bqck to the Heian era, and it means that what precedes
もがな would be the desire of the speaker. It is an archaic Japanese
which only finds its use in some set expressions, such as
言わずもがな,which literally would mean 'I desire that I do not say
that' that would include the case of my regret for having said what I said.
My 広辞苑 shows the following:
あらずもがな、言わずもがな、無くもがな、やらずもがな
and 由もがな.
While 買わずもがな is grammatically correct, I am not sure if it is
actually used.
In any event, except perhaps 言わずもがな, all other instances of the
use of もがな are pretty archaic.

(contributor: bamboo4)

なくもがな【無くもがな】

（連語）

ないほうがよい。あらずもがな。
「あの一言は≠ｾった」「≠ﾌ差しで口」 (contributor:
kanoko)

--- View this entry online ---
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Monday, April 21, 2008

Grammar a Day - Level 1 [ 居られない (irarenai) ]

居られない (irarenai) - cannot exist, not possible, can't afford to

--- Notes ---
居られない literally means 'the tea drinking cannot exist.' In
English would be something like, cannot afford to do, is not possible,
cannot be done.

--- Examples ---
お客様がそろそろお着きになって大変なので、のんびりお茶など飲んではいられない。m
Guests are arriving soon and we will be very busy, so we won't be able to
have a quiet cup of tea. m

眩しいというのは目をあけていられないほど光が強い様子だ。
Dazzling is the state when light is so hard that you almost can't keep
the eyes open.

出かけたとき、外にいられないくらい風がつきささった。
When we went out, we almost couln't stand the bite of the wind.

--- Comments ---
I don't understand why ないではいられない is considered level 2
and いられない is considered level 1. (contributor: 赤毛)

--- View this entry online ---
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Sunday, April 20, 2008

Grammar a Day - Level 1 [ 依頼 (irai) ]

依頼 (irai) - Request or commission

--- Notes ---
The example has little to do with 依頼 word :-) It is actually the
'contents' of a certain request.

Here's another example:
弁護士に依頼する
Hire a lawyer / Ask a lawyer to represent one.

--- Examples ---
引き続き、ご指導、ご鞭撻の程をどうぞ宜しくお願いもうし上げます。
I am counting on your continued support and guidance.

--- Comments ---
To tell you the truth, I was expecting this entry to be about 以来,
really. Is this entry even really grammar-related? (contributor: Cone)

--- View this entry online ---
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Saturday, April 19, 2008

Grammar a Day - Level 1 [ やまない (yamanai) ]

やまない (yamanai) - not to stop

--- Examples ---
子供たちは親の愛を求めてやまない。
Kids don't stop seeking their parent's love.

空模様からすると、雨はしばらくはやまないだろう。
From the look of the sky I'm afraid the rain won't let up for a while.

ご健康を心から願ってやみません。
I (never stop) wish you good health.

--- Comments ---
Relevant grammar question & comments here (sixth post). (contributor:
Amatuka)

Formed from verb-te + yamanai. (Note that Vte is usually associated with
feelings & desires).

Vte = Verb, -te connective form. (contributor: Amatuka)

This expression is normally used in written Japanese; not conversaitonal
Japanese. I think this belong to Class 3. (contributor: bamboo4)

class 3 as in sankyuu? it seems more 1-kyuu to me, esp if only used
written? (contributor: dc)

Sorry, I made a mistake - I meant 1-kyuu. (contributor: bamboo4)

〜てやまない. This is often used with words such as 求める,
希望する, 祈る and 願う. (contributor: blabby)

This grammar is indeed for 1kyuu and does not always belog to the written
language. If you hold a speech the form '-teyamimasen'
「てやみません」

It comes from the word「やむ」that means stop. For example you can say
「雨いつごろやむかな」, which corresponds to when you in English
want to say 'When will it stop raining, I wonder'.

Or this
A>「あれ、ピアノの音がやんだ。レッスン終わったんだ」Eh?
The sound of the piano stopped. The lesson is over.

B>　「そうね」Yes, indeed.
(contributor: kuma)

I think ex #3368 doesn't really belongs to this category, rather it belongs
to the verb 「やむ」、although this grammar comes from the word
「やむ」。 (contributor: 誠)

--- View this entry online ---
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Friday, April 18, 2008

Grammar a Day - Level 1 [ なしに (nashini) ]

なしに (nashini) - without

--- Examples ---
あなたのおもてなしにはどんなに感謝しても感謝しきれません。
Your hospitality cannot go unthanked.

この辞書なしには済まされない。
I can't do without this dictionary.

その取り決めは、予告なしに変ることがある。
The arrangements are subject to change without notice.

だれも努力なしには何事も成し遂げられない。
No one can achieve anything without effort.

なんの気なしに言っただけで、別に悪気があってのことではありません。
I just said so without thinking much about it. I didn't mean anything
serious.

ぶどう酒なしには一日も過ごせない、と彼は言う。
He says he can't go without wine even for a day.

--- Comments ---
I guess this would be the noun version of [Vn-zu] (not doing something)?
(contributor: Antonio)

what does o-motenashi have to do with the suffix (?) 'nashi'? (contributor:
shijin)

Nothing. #4122 おもてなし does not fit to this entry. (contributor:
Miki)

Agreed. omotenashi = hospitality.
ex #4122 can be translated literally as:
For your hospitality, I cannot completely express my gratefulness no matter
how I thank you. (contributor: 誠)

--- View this entry online ---
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Thursday, April 17, 2008

Grammar a Day - Level 1 [ 〜すら (sura) ]

〜すら (sura) - just / even if

--- Examples ---
この天才の私ですらわからなかった
Even a genius such as myself couldn't solve it

私は緊張しすぎて、ちらっと見ることすら出来ませんでした
I was so nervous that I couldn't even take a quick peek

「人」の漢字すら知らない生徒は、いないでしょ！
There are no students that don't even know the 「人」 kanji!

この大学の学生の中には教師に対する口の聞き方すら知らないものがいる。
Some student in this university don't even know how to talk to teachers.

これらの言葉ですらいつか消えてしまいます。
Even these words will someday disappear.

こんなケーブル線ですら、６０００円もした。
Even this cable cost me 6000 yen.

しっと深い人は、友達についてすら、いじわるをして、満足感をうる。
A jealous person gets a feeling of contentment by behaving like a dog in
the manger even with his friends.

その生徒は先生に返事すらしませんでした。
The student did not so much as answer the teacher.

もちろん品も、そして郵送料すらも返ってこなかった。
Of course, even neither goods nor the mailing fee returned.

海外で育つ日本人の子供の場合、日本語が完璧にできる場合ですら、帰国後日本の学校に適応するのに大変苦労することが時々ある。
Japanese children brought up overseas sometimes face great difficulty in
adjusting themselves to Japanese schools after returning, even though they
have a perfect command of Japanese.

最も強大な帝国ですら崩壊する。
Even the mightiest of empires comes to an end.

社長は我々の給料を少しあげることすら惜しんだ。
Our boss begrudged us even a small raise in pay.

想像すらできない。
I couldn't even guess.

中には月を訪れたことのあるものすらいる。
Some people have even visited the moon.

虫ですら向かってくるものだ。
Even a worm will turn.

彼ですらそれが上手にできるなら、我々ならなおさらだ。
If he can do it well, so much more can we.

彼には日常必需品すらない、まして贅沢品はあるわけがない。
He has no daily necessities, much less luxuries.

彼の息子は自分の名前を書くことすらできない。
His son cannot so much as write his own name.

彼は、オペラはもちろんのこと、童謡すら歌えない。
He cannot even sing children's songs, let alone opera.

彼は自分の家族すら取りしきれないのに、まして一国を治めるなんて！
He can't run his own family, let alone a nation!

彼女はフランス語は言うに及ばず母国語すらろくに話せない。
She doesn't even speak her own language well, let alone French.

--- Comments ---
This seems to be similar to 'demo', which might be a good way to remember
it. (contributor: Ben)

#536O There are no students? I can't read u人」as 「人」. mojibake!
(contributor: Miki)

is this identical to ?

見るさえできない
見るすらできない
- cannot even see (contributor: dc)

Can you use 〜すら to say something like 'if you so much as touch this,
there'll be trouble'? (contributor: xabre24)

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Today's Economics

Volume 15
04/16/2008

In this issue

• Main Articles
• Free Services & Links
• Refer-A-Friend and Win
• Forward to a Friend
• Risk Disclosures

Main Articles

Going for Gold
Seeking Alpha | April 15, 2008 | View It
"The S&P 500 did well, but gold still outperformed."

The Bear is Out of the Box
Mike Swanson | April 13, 2008 | View It
"More money in circulation makes the price of goods and energy rise. It is an invisible tax you are paying . . ."

Gold, Euros and Risk
Adrian Ash | April 14, 2008 | View It
"Unlike real estate . . . Gold Bullion remains a highly liquid, easily priced asset that can store huge quantities of wealth in a very small space."

How Much Gold Do Vietnamese Keep Under Their Pillows?
Vietnam.net | April 16, 2008 | View It
"Gold remains the choice of Vietnamese people."

Oil Hits New Record as Investors Flee the Falling Dollar
Pablo Gorondi - WFC Courier | April 16, 2008 | View It
"Annual inflation in euro nations rose to a record 3.6 percent in March"

Free Services & Links

• Metal Price Alerts by Email
• Request Free Information
• Request Gold IRA Information
• Subscribe to the Newsletter
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American Eagles at 1% Over Cost

Copyright © Lear Capital, Inc.
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Wednesday, April 16, 2008

Grammar a Day - Level 1 [ 〜ともなく (tomonaku) ]

〜ともなく (tomonaku) - Without really planning to, ~

--- Notes ---
「〜と(も)なく／〜と(も)なしに」は疑問詞（疑問詞＋助詞）につくときは、「＜いつ・どこで・誰が・何を＞かよくわからないが、〜」という不確かさを表します。また、感覚・知覚・思惟などを表す動詞を反復し、「見るともなく見る／聞くともなく聞く」のように「〜しようというつもりはなく、ただ、なんとなく〜する」という無意識で行われた動作を表します。日本語の不作為・無意識の行為を表す代表がこの「〜ともなく／〜ともなしに」だと言えるでしょう。

When 「〜と(も)なく／〜と(も)なしに」is attached to a
question word (or question word and particle), it expresses uncertainty
(about when, where, who, what). Alternatively, when used on either end of
verbs expressing sensation, perception or speculation, as
in「見るともなく見る／聞くともなく聞く」, it indicates
that the action happens unintentionally or without conscious effort. This
model can be said to be representative of Japanese phrases expressing
involuntary/unconscious actions.

)「…となく…となく」の形で慣用的に用いる。
「夜≠ﾈく昼≠ﾈく」

--- Examples ---
ゴロゴロしながら見るともなく外を見ると、アンパンマンがいました！
Without really planning, I looked ouside and saw anpanman!

どこからともなく
Out of thin air...

待つこともなく彼女が現れた。
I had not waited long before she turned up.

彼女はどこからともなくひょっこりやってきた。
She came up from goodness knows where.

見るともなくぼんやり外を見ていたら、不意に大きなカラスが飛んできた。
@Without~

--- Comments ---
You can also say 〜ともなしに (contributor: blabby)

I think example #5181 is different grammar. 待つこと、もなく、〜
(contributor: blabby)

Correct! ex #5181 does not belong here. (contributor: bamboo4)

#5986 could be translated as:

I just happened to glance outside, when suddenly a large crow flew towards
me. (contributor: montydrei)

見るともなくぼんやり外を見ていたら can be translated as 'I
was looking outside absent-mindedly without really seeing anything.....'
(contributor: bamboo4)

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Tuesday, April 15, 2008

Grammar a Day - Level 1 [ 〜べからざる (bekarazaru) ]

〜べからざる (bekarazaru) - must not; cannot

--- Notes ---
〜べからず／〜べからざる　：　〜してはいけない・禁止

１．「〜べからず」は立て看板などの注意書きに使われます。
２．「〜べからざる」（名詞の前に付く形）は「許すべからざる、欠くべからざる」のほかはあまり使われません。

はしを渡るべからずというのは昔のことわざで日本人の人なら誰でも知ってるはずです。覚えといていただいたらうれしい：）このことわざについてもっと詳しく知りたければ調べてみてください。

By the way
この上に書いてある誠さんのノートに間違ってることに気づきました。名詞の前につくというのじゃなくて、動詞の前につく形のほうが正しいとおもいます。

--- Examples ---
Movies for adults must not be watched by young people.
成人指定映画は青少年の見るべからざるものだ

許すべからざる行為。
An act that cannot be forgiven.

これは将に無視すべからざる犯罪ではないでしょうか。
Is it not true that this is certainly a crime that cannot be ignored?

今日の社会では、パソコンは欠くべからざるものとなっている。
In today's society, computers are becoming something you can't do without.

この荷物には「危険！触るべからず」と書いてある
On this luggage, it is written/stated that 「Danger! Do not touch」

--- Comments ---
未然形 of an auxilliary verb べかり(from べくあり= should
be）plus negative auxilliary verb ざる,which is 連体形 of ず.
(contributor: bamboo4)

is this extremely formal? it sounds like it... (contributor: dc)

It is not only formal but it is somewhat archaic. (contributor: bamboo4)

I've been studying Japanese for almost 3 years and I've never come across
this grammar except in text books...I asked my (young) Japanese friends and
they have no idea. But if you do a Google search, there are lots of
examples.

It is always followed by a noun. もの, こと, 行為, etc. (contributor:
blabby)

You can also construct a phrase combining it with various suffixes.
べからざるや、べからざるか、べからずとする、etc.
(contributor: bamboo4)

'〜べからざる'
This must be worth remembering, but few Japanese use it in everyday speech.
I think that most Japanese usually say:
#5013
成人指定映画は青少年にとって見てはいけないものだ。

#5014
許されない行為

#5015
これはまさに無視してはいけない犯罪ではないでしょうか。

#5318
今日の社会では、パソコンは欠かせないものとなっている。

#5854
この荷物には「危険！触るな！」と書いてある。
(contributor: Nick)

Actually, the 終止形 form is べし, and it conjugates like an
adjective, meaning the 未然形 is べから.

As blabby hinted, use べからざる before nouns, and べからず at the
end of sentences. (contributor: jimmyseal)

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Monday, April 14, 2008

Grammar a Day - Level 1 [ にひきかえ (nihikikae) ]

にひきかえ (nihikikae) - in contrast with; compared to

--- Examples ---
私の古い車にひきかえかれのはとても早いです

In contrast to my old car, his is really fast

去年はトマト50個収穫できたのよ。それにひきかえ今年は30個だけ。多分気候のせいね…
We harvested 50 tomatoes last year. In contrast, this year we harvested
only 30. This may be due to the weather...

--- Comments ---
Is this often used in spoken japanese as well? (contributor: Bree)

ex#5166 needs to have 'this year' added somewhere 'In contrast, we
harvested only 30 this year.' (contributor: Stephen)

done (contributor: dc)

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Sunday, April 13, 2008

Grammar a Day - Level 1 [ 〜でなくてな��だろう (denakute-nandarou) ]

〜でなくてなんだろう (denakute-nandarou) - If thats not ... I
don't know what is

--- Notes ---
always follows a noun. written only

〜でなくてなんだろう literally means : 'If it is not 〜,then
what it is/ what can it be?'

--- Examples ---
このケーキが世界一でなくてなんだろう。
If this isn't the world's best cake, then I don't know what is.

あの国の大統領は国民の意見は無視して何でも自分一人で決定する。これが独裁者でなくてなんだろう。
The president of that country decides everything himself ignoring nation's
concerns. If that's not dictatorship, then i don't know what is.

自分の命を犠牲にして多くの人を救ったあの男が英雄でなくてなんだろう。

--- Comments ---
JLPT Level 4? (contributor: anon)

well spotted. Level 1 i think. (contributor: dc)

JPLT Level 1 without a doubt. (contributor: olivier)

not to be a nit-picker, but how does that example sentence fit in with
'written only'? (contributor: rasmusjp)

suppose we're talking about a person, is 〜でなくてだれだろう
acceptable? (same goes for places, time, etc) (contributor: cosmo)

たとえば？あの人はスミスさんでなくてだれだろう？とか？I
think its grammatically correct its just probably not used. Also consider
that when speaking about other people you have to be careful about
politeness, so saying なくてだれだろう？might be considered a
little bit rude. (contributor: iamharenchi)

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Saturday, April 12, 2008

Grammar a Day - Level 1 [ なり (nari2) ]

なり (nari2) - expresses continuing state

--- Notes ---
Verb(た形)+なり implies one movement is continuing. 〜したまま。

--- Examples ---
会社を出たなり、いつまでも帰らない。
He left the office and hasn't come back.

彼女を見つめたなり、しばらくの間微動だにしなかった。
He stared at her and didn't move an inch for a while.

--- Comments ---
is this identical to -kiri
行ったきり
行ったなり
he went ... (and hasnt been seen since) (contributor: dc)

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Friday, April 11, 2008

Grammar a Day - Level 1 [ 〜をものとも��ずに (~womonotomosezuni) ]

〜をものともせずに (~womonotomosezuni) - In the face of, in
defiance of

--- Examples ---
彼女は足の痛みをものともせずにマラソンを走り抜いた。
Undaunted, despite the pain in her legs, she finished her run in the
marathon race.

雪の深い道をものともせずそいつはひたすら車を駆った。
Without heed to the road deeply covered with snow, he doggedly drove on.

敵の攻撃を物ともせず部隊は突進した。
Heedless of the enemy advance, the troops charged.

周囲の反対をものともせずに、二人は結婚した。
in defiance of everyone around them, the two of them got married.

寒さをものともせずに、彼は薄着で外出した
Making nothing of the cold he went out in thin clothes.

氷のような水をものともせずに彼は川へ飛びこんだ
He jumped into the river in defiance of the icy water.

そのおてんば娘は危険をものともせずにその木に登った
The reckless girl climbed the tree regardless of danger.

--- Comments ---
added a translation and some see also links.
be nice to know subtelties between this and (contributor: dc)

perhaps others are 'despite' whereas this is a much stronger 'in defiance
of/against all odds' type phrase... (contributor: dc)

I think it also means 'regardless'; behaving as though the obstacle or
whatever isn't actually there. (contributor: Rob)

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Thursday, April 10, 2008

Grammar a Day - Level 1 [ いかにも (ikanimo) ]

いかにも (ikanimo) - seems (but is not); indeed

--- Notes ---
Description + いかにも + evidence to the contrary = seems (but isn't)
Desciption + いかにも = indeed

--- Examples ---
あのかばんはいかにも重そうだが、中身はからで、１キロしかない。
The bag indeed looks heavy, but there's nothing inside, so it only weighs 1
kilo.

あの人は見かけはいかにもこわそうだが、本当はとても優しい人です。
That guy has a really frightening look, but he is in fact a very gentle
person.

いかにもあいつの言いそうなことだ。
That indeed sounds like what he would have said.

あのスーツはいかにも高そうだ。
That suit has an expensive look.

いかにもビルのやりそうなことだ。
That's Bill all over.

いかにもリゾートって感じの格好ね。
Your clothes say 'vacation resort' to me.

こんなおふざけはいかにもベーカー氏らしい。
Such playfulness is characteristic of Mr Baker.

こんな格好をしているといかにもスポーツをしてそうに見えるけど、全然やってないんだよ。
I look for all the world like an athlete in this outfit, but the truth is I
don't do any sports at all.

そうしたしゃべりかたはいかにも彼らしい。
That way of talking is typical of him.

そうした話し方はいかにも彼らしい。
That way of talking is typical of him.

そのような行いはいかにもメグらしい。
Such behavior is just like Meg.

そんな発言はいかにも彼らしい。
Such words are particular to him.

事象として簡単なことを、いかにも難しそうに表現する人は、あまり頭がよさそうではない。
A person who makes an easy matter sound difficult does not seem to be so
smart.

遅刻するなんていかにも彼らしいと思う。
I firmly believe it is characteristic of him to be late.

遅れてやってくるのは、いかにも彼のやりそうなことだった。
It was typical of him to arrive late.

朝食前に出勤するなんていかにも彼らしい。
It is characteristic of him to go to work before breakfast.

彼はいかにも「営業」って感じだね。
He's a salesman's salesman.

彼はいかにも私の親友らしく見せかけた。
He posed as my close friend.

彼女の口振りはいかにもそらぞらしい。
She talks too aloofly.

--- Comments ---
ex#2993 とても親切な人でした。not でた。
you can also say,
見るからに重さそうだが、見るからに恐そうだが、.
(contributor: Miki)

In #2993, if you want to say 親切な, you have to say 'kind,' but if you
say 優しい then you can say 'gentle.' YOu can be 親切 but do not
necessarily be 優しい and vice versa.
(contributor: bamboo4)

JDict gives both kind and gentle as meanings for both - can you clarify?

親切な　【しんせつ】kind
優しい　【やさしい】gentle (contributor: dc)

It is true that 親切な and 優しい are often mixed up. However,
technically speaking 親切 is what is represented by the act of Good
Samaritan in the Bible, meaning going out of one's way to help, but this
does not necessrily mean he is 優しい, which means that he is gentle of
disposition and sweet-tempered. A sweet-tempered person could often be a
kind person at the same time, but that is not the necessary condition.
(contributor: bamboo4)

Edited #2993. (contributor: bamboo4)

I added in a note that clarified a bit of confusion for me. After I wrote
it, it seemed a bit obvious, but I suppose that's how learning goes. I hope
it's useful for others, and the kind of note that's desired. (contributor:
Ebisu Dave)

ex #3968 ' With this appearance/outfit, I indeed look like doing sports,
but the truth is I don't do any sports at all. ' Sounds better.
(contributor: 誠)

The note says Description + いかにも but all the examples appear to be
いかにも + Description. Should we change that? (contributor: yookoso)

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Wednesday, April 9, 2008

Grammar a Day - Level 1 [ 唯でさえ (tadadesae) ]

唯でさえ (tadadesae) - To add to, something alone is normally enough

--- Examples ---
もうこの近所はただでさえうるさいところが、今週は近くで工事が始まったため、夜は一睡も出来なくなった。
This neighbourhood is already normally noisy enough but this week
construction started nearby so now I can hardly get a wink of sleep.

もうただでさえ迷惑をかけているのに〜
Haven't you caused enough trouble already

これはただでさえおいしいものが、さらに我が隠し味を入れたら美味しくてたまらなくなるよ。
This is normally really delicious anyway but if you add our special
ingredient it will be irresistable.

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Today's Economics

Volume 14
04/08/2008

In this issue

• Main Articles
• Free Services & Links
• Refer-A-Friend and Win
• Forward to a Friend
• Risk Disclosures

Main Articles

Is Bernanke Targeting Gold?
Ed Bugos | March 31, 2008 | View It
"we are seeing the best of all worlds for gold to shoot straight up a few hundred points."

Gold Rally Intact Despite Sell-off
Atul Prakash | April 7, 2008 | View It
"We believe weakness in the dollar has not been exhausted . . .we are maintaining our bullish outlook towards gold."

Crude Oil Rises More than $2 as Gasoline Surges to New Record
Mark Shenk - Bloomberg | April 7, 2008 | View It
"Commodities had by far the best returns during the last quarter. It would be risky to bet that either the stock market or dollar has hit a bottom yet."

Consumer Credit Rose $5.16 Billion In February
Reuters | April 7, 2008 | View It
"Overall February consumer credit rose at an annual rate of 2.44 percent to a total of $2.540 trillion"

Rents Continue to Rise In Housing Slump
Bloomberg News | April 5, 2008 | View It
"People see a potential for prices to fall further, credit standards are tighter and they have to make a larger down payment"

Free Services & Links

• Metal Price Alerts by Email
• Request Free Information
• Request Gold IRA Information
• Subscribe to the Newsletter
• Prudent Bear

American Eagles at 1% Over Cost

Copyright © Lear Capital, Inc.
1990 S. Bundy Drive, Suite 600, Los Angeles, CA 90025. (800)576-9355
If you wish to cancel your subscription to this newsletter click here

Tuesday, April 8, 2008

Grammar a Day - Level 1 [ ならともかく (naratomokaku) ]

ならともかく (naratomokaku) - I'm not sure if it is [possible/so]
but...

--- Notes ---
名詞句 + ならともかく, B

--- Examples ---
君ならともかく、俺はそんなことをしない。
Maybe you can do it, but I don't do such a thing.

外人ならともかく、日本人はそんなことは絶対にしない。
Maybe it's possible for a foreigner, but Japanese people would never do
that.

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Monday, April 7, 2008

Grammar a Day - Level 1 [ まだしも (madashimo) ]

まだしも (madashimo) - would be much better, would be acceptable

--- Examples ---
一度ならまだしもここまで六回その言葉を間違えって書いた。
Once would be acceptable, but you've misspelled that word six times now.

この方がまだしもあれよりよい。
This would be better than that.

こんなひどい目に合うよりまだしも死んだほうがよい。
I would rather die than have such a terrible experience.

すうじつならまだしも１０日も滞納している。
A few days would have been excusable but you are in arrears for 10 days.

--- Comments ---
often appears with 'nara' in front, meaning '(if it were this) then that
would be OK, but...'
This was a correct answer on the 1kyuu in 2005. (contributor:
naimononedari)

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Sunday, April 6, 2008

Grammar a Day - Level 1 [ 〜てはいられ��い・〜てばかりはいられない (tehairarenai / tebakarihairarenai) ]

〜てはいられない・〜てばかりはいられない (tehairarenai
/ tebakarihairarenai) - can't / can't afford 〜(doing something)

--- Notes ---
「〜ていることができない」という可能表現ですが、そこから「〜状態を続けられない」という意味が現れます。
「〜てばかりはいられない」という形は、過度であることを強調する時によく使われます。

one can't afford doing or continue doing a certain action because of
nervousnes or to meet the demands of that particular situation or moment.
「〜てばかりはいられない」is almost the same as
「〜てはいられない」, only the ばかり emphasizes of ' only
just doing .... (action that one should not be doing that moment)'.

--- Examples ---
もうすぐ試験なので、遊んでばかりはいられないのです。
Because exam is just around the corner, I can't (afford to) be fooling
around.

お客様がそろそろお着きになって大変なので、のんびりお茶など飲んではいられない
Since the customers will be coming in no time and it will be a hard time,
we can't just relaxing around drinking tea.

--- Comments ---
In #5856, 'Since the customers will be coming in no time and it will be a
hard time' is awkward. Should read: 'Since customers will be arriving in no
time and we will have more than our fill...' (contributor: bamboo4)

--- View this entry online ---
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Saturday, April 5, 2008

Grammar a Day - Level 1 [ 〜の至り (noitari) ]

〜の至り (noitari) - completely; utmost

--- Notes ---
formal, written.

Noun + の至り

Notes: Formal. No kiwami and no itari mean exactly the same thing and are
also exactly the same grammatically. The only difference is that no itari
sounds more humble.

khongbietboi, according to my JLPT1 grammar book what you are saying isn't
entirely correct. no itari can only be used for the speaker, whereas no
kiwami can be used for others as well. so they are NOT exactly the same.

--- Examples ---
赤面の至りだ
I was completely embarassed

若気の至りで
in the folly of youth

喜びの至り
utmost joy

冥加の至り
great blessing

憧れの女優に握手してもらって、もう感激の至りだ。
I shook the hand of my favourite actress. I was completely overwhelmed.

--- Comments ---
is this the same as (contributor: dc)

maybe has more of an implication of something that lead up to this
situation? like - same kanji 至る (contributor: dc)

I read that this is mainly used with experssions of emotion. 光栄,
感激, 若気,感心, etc are commonly used. It is ofen inerchangable
with 〜の極み but 〜の極み is also used for words of non-emotion
such as 疲労の極み. (contributor: blabby)

Can somebody confirm if 〜の至り is used only for emotions.

贅沢(ぜいたく)の至り and 低俗の至り are wrong because they
are not emotions. Right?

They should be 贅沢の極み and 低俗の極み right??

Is ther an easier way to tell the difference between 〜の極みand
〜の至り? (contributor: blabby)

I am not sure if you can categorize 至り as relating to emotions
and　極み as not. 光栄の至り、汗顔の至り
and　慶賀の至り, etc., may not just relate to emotions. It is hard to
set up any rule to differentiate.
(contributor: bamboo4)

Everyone, according to my JLPT1 grammar book, an important difference
between の至り and の極み is that the first can only be used for
yourself (the speaker), whereas the latter can be used for others as well.
Hope that helps (contributor: mankind)

--- View this entry online ---
http://www.jgram.org/pages/viewOne.php?tagE=noitari

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Friday, April 4, 2008

Grammar a Day - Level 1 [ 兼ねて (kanete) ]

兼ねて (kanete) - combine with

--- Notes ---
Noun + を + 兼ねて
Noun + を + 兼ねる

--- Examples ---
大阪の仕事を兼ねて京都見物に行く
In going to Osaka on business, I'll combine it with a sightseeing visit to
Kyoto.

総理大臣（首相）と外務大臣（外相）とを兼ねる。
Hold the office of Prime Minister concurrently with the portfolio of
Foreign Minister.

私は勉強と遊びを兼ねている仕事につきたい。
I want to get a job that mixes work and play.

作文の練習を兼ねて、日本のペンフレンドと文通をしています。まあ、一挙両得というわけです。
Combined with writing practice, I am corresponding with my Japanese pen
friend. I guess I am killing two birds with one stone.

趣味と実益を兼ねて日本語の勉強をしたが、いつの間にか、通訳が本業になってしまった。
Along with personal interest and practical reasons, I studied Japanese.
Before I knew it, translation became my main source of income.

--- Comments ---
Thank you for putting this page up.
(contributor: bamboo4)

Does anyone know if it is possible to use this in a form other than
Noun+を+兼ねて? (contributor: blabby)

I thought of examles other than Noun nor noun phrase, nothing comes up.
noun phrase eg. 頭を冷やすのを兼ねて公園に散歩に行く
(contributor: Miki)

Thanks for your help Miki, I'll add it to the notes section. (contributor:
blabby)

--- View this entry online ---
http://www.jgram.org/pages/viewOne.php?tagE=kanete

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Thursday, April 3, 2008

Grammar a Day - Level 1 [ からすると (karasuruto-2) ]

からすると (karasuruto-2) - from (the point of view)

--- Examples ---
メールを受け取った方からすると、何のわるぎもなくついうっかり転送してしまったということでも、発信者からすると自分が丹精こめて書いたものを、無断で第三者に転送されてしまったということにもなりかねません。
As the person receiving the email he might casually forward the message
with no ill intent but for the person who sent the email, put together with
hard effort, to be sent on to a third party without notice could be
unforgivable.

知っている側からすると
From the point of view of those who know ...

この見地からすると、君の言うことは正しい。
From this point of view, you are right.

空模様では、からすると、雨はしばらくは止まないだろう。
From the look of the sky, I'm afraid the rain won't let up for a while.

空模様からすると、今夜あたり雪になるかもしれない。
From the look of the sky, it may begin to snow tonight.

私の美的観点からすると。
I from an aestheitc point of view.

周りの事情からすると彼女の話は本当らしかった。
The circumstances gave color to her story.

買い手の立場からするとこれらのCDプレーヤーの値段は、高すぎる。
From the buyer's point of view, the prices of these CD players are too
high.

彼の案は私の見方からすると、とてもいいようにみえる。
His plan seems very good from my point of view.

法律の観点からすると、彼は自由だ。
From the standpoint of the law, he is free.

--- View this entry online ---
http://www.jgram.org/pages/viewOne.php?tagE=karasuruto-2

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Wednesday, April 2, 2008

Grammar a Day - Level 1 [ たりとも (taritomo) ]

たりとも (taritomo) - Even only / Even merely / Even just

--- Notes ---
Small amount + たりとも。
Often the small amount starts with a 1. １円, １分, １セント, etc.

〜たりとも．．．ない　　：　（1円／一日／．．．）
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　であっても〜ない

often with negative potential form, できない、許されない

--- Examples ---
ご飯の一粒たりとも無駄にするな！
Don't you dare waste even one grain of rice!

こんなテレビゲームをやる時、一瞬たりとも気を抜くことが出来ない。
With this type of video game, you can't afford to lose your concentration
for even just a second.

１センチたりとも進まない。
Not progress even a centimeter.

--- Comments ---
#5444 is awkward. You just use も in that case and say:

1センチも進まない or 1センチも進むことができない.
たりとも in such cases is used to prevent or deter the progress. E.g.,
1センチたりとも進ませない.
(contributor: bamboo4)

agree with bamboo on #5444 (contributor: 誠)

Besides which 'Not progress' is bad English. (contributor: Paul)

Agree with bamboo (contributor: サリル)

--- View this entry online ---
http://www.jgram.org/pages/viewOne.php?tagE=taritomo

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Tuesday, April 1, 2008

Grammar a Day - Level 1 [ 〜をおいて (wooite) ]

〜をおいて (wooite) - apart from/leaving aside

--- Examples ---
あなたをおいて、この会社の社長の適任者はいない
Apart from you, there is noone suitable for this company's President.

--- Comments ---
を措いて wo oite followed by 〜ない or negative (contributor: Miki)

How is this different from 以外【いがい】? (contributor: yookoso)

昨日の事を措いて、今日はどうやて帰るの？

I'm wondering if this is grammatically correct? (contributor: ozonitabetai)

--- View this entry online ---
http://www.jgram.org/pages/viewOne.php?tagE=wooite

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