--- Examples ---
今日を限りに、この学校ともお別れです。
After today I'll say goodbye to this school, too.
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--- Examples ---
「結構です」レモン・キャンディーなど食べている場合ではないとばかりに、マクゴナガル先生は冷ややかに答えた。
'I'm fine thanks.' McDonagal answered cooly, as if to say this is no
occasion to be eating lemon candies.
「あなたを愛しているのよ」と言わんばかりに彼女は僕にウィンクした。
She winked at me, as much as to say , I love you.
この質問でとうとうハーマイオニーは椅子から立ち上がり、地下牢の天井に届かんばかりに手を伸ばした。
At this, Hermione stood up, her hand stretching toward the dungeon ceiling.
彼は同意すると言わんばかりにうなずいた。
He nodded as much as to say, I agree.
彼らは「かわいそうな奴」といわんばかりに私達をじっと見た。
They looked at us, as much as to say, 'Poor creature.'
彼女は万事承知と言わんばかりに私に目くばせした。
She winked at me as much as to say she knew everything.
友人は「不可能」と言わんばかりに首を横に振った。
My friend shook his head as much as to say 'impossible'.
--- Comments ---
there are lots of different bakari~~s! bakari bakari! (contributor: dc)
I think the と quotation in the second example /may/ have an implied
言わない after it. (contributor: Amatuka)
'Seems to be used in casual/slang speech with negative verb stem + ん so
as to mean 'as if to ' without actually doing so.' (contributor: dc)
Appeared in 2000 JLPT level 1 (contributor: Amatuka)
Meaning changed back. Seems that I was right in the first place.
(contributor: Amatuka)
hmm I don't see the difference this and another ばかりに。The same
nuance when you add （言わん）.
絶好の機会と（言わん）ばかりに、飛びついた。
(contributor: Miki)
Maybe we need more examples for the other bakarini[/b] but it seems to have
a qualitative (type) difference to me. (contributor: Amatuka)
Could just be down to lack of familiarity with forms like 言わん
though... (contributor: Amatuka)
is 言わん just short for iwanai? like
'iwanai bakari ni -> just about not saying (but its almost as if it was
said)
(contributor: Snake)
You would say 言わなかったばかりに and 言わんばかりに, but
not 言わないばかりに.
(contributor: bamboo4)
言わん can be short for 言わない, but in this case, 言わん =
言わむ is an old fashioned subjunctive, equivalent to 言おう.
I was highly confused at first until I discovered that the final 'ん' can
signal two different inflectional forms (contributor: DealPete)
Maybe this should be listed as 'と(言わん)ばかりに'. I've seen lots
of examples such as
うちの犬は「散歩に行こうよ」とばかりに僕の顔を見て吠えた。
My dog looked at me and barked as if to say 'let's go for a walk!'
(contributor: blabby)
In Californish it would be 'was like' (contributor: Bakurosareta)
I think it would be helpful if the Authors of grammar posts made sure to
include a grammar note. examples are helpful, but good solid grammatical
information makes it easier to memorize and utilize in real life
situations. (contributor: tigert)
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--- Examples ---
日本へ行くとすれば
If we assume that we go to japan
温度は一定であるとする。
We assume that temperature is constant.
あなたが立派な世界市民になろうとするなら、偏見は持たないように努力すべきである。
If you are to be a good world citizen, you should try to be free of any
prejudices.
私たちは みな、 人生に おいて 成功を
収めようとするが、成功するのは、きわめて
数少ない人たちである。
We all try hard to make the grade in life, but only a few succeed.
進んで学ぼうとする気の無い物には教える甲斐がない。
One who is not willing to learn is not worth teaching.
歩こうとするとここがズキンとします。
When I try to walk, I get an awful pain here.
労働者たちにはもっと働こうとする刺激がなにもない。
The workers have no incentive to work harder.
--- Comments ---
温度は一定であるとする。is more natural. (contributor: Miki)
OK, done. (contributor: Amatuka)
仮定する (katei suru) I think also means 'to assume' (contributor: dc)
ひょっとする = perhaps (contributor: dc)
about ex #4191:
i tought that the form [-ou to suru] meant 'to be in a process of' or 'try
to do'. (contributor: NutritiveSoul)
what about ~ta to suru?? (contributor: Hakeem)
hakeem - can you give an example please? (contributor: dc)
perhaps you mean [youni-suru]
maybe [ou-tosuru] would be 'if you try..' which we have also as
(contributor: dc)
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--- Examples ---
今から思えばあの時に会社を辞めたことは間違いではなかった。
Looking back on it now, quitting the company was the right thing to do.
今から思えば両親に言われた通りにしておけば良かった。
Looking back on it now I wish i had done things the way my parents told
me.
今から思えばまだ両親に手伝うことをしなかった。
Looking back on it now I haven't done anything to help my parents.
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--- Notes ---
'Beku' is the same as '~ngatame' but they differ grammatically.
'Beku' comes after the dictionary form of a verb, whereas
'~ngatame' follows the '~tai' form of a verb. Written.
see http://www.geocities.com/easykanji/jlptgrammar.html
(Goal/End result) + beku + (Current Action)
--- Examples ---
エンジニアになる
べく一生懸命勉強した
I studied hard in order to become an engineer.
このお支払いの問題が解決できるよう、ご指摘の件を改善すべく努力いたします。
We will try to correct it in order to straighten out our finances.
彼らは男を逮捕すべく追いかけた。
They chased the man to arrest him.
--- Comments ---
Shall I delete ex# 3915 and ex#3916? Their べく are different from the
entry. (contributor: Miki)
yes, they should go under
in edit example, change the last field 'category' and that will move them
over... (contributor: anon)
how does this differ from ために？ (contributor: infinite_trial)
I've read that they are more or less inerchangable but ために is used
more for something you want to do - personal will (個人の意思)
However べく is used more for some assumed responsibility
(当然の義務). Can anyone help us out and explain this better?
べく is also mainly used in written Japanese. (contributor: blabby)
べく is 連用形 of べし. It could oerate as an imperative or as firm
presumption, indication of probability or expression of a plan.
Imperative = 全員参加すべく
Presumption = 後日登城の御裁可あるべく候(archaic)
Indication = 期待にこたえるべく努力する
Plan = 犯人を逮捕すべく
This expression is basically archaic, but it is still used in conversation
in such set phrases as 成るべくして成った or
勝つべくして勝った.
(contributor: bamboo4)
I came across this in a JLPT 1 problem collection. Note the unusual use of
the ~ます form - 励ますべく appears to be a special case of some
kind.
試合に負けて落ち込んでいる友達をはげますべく、酒を飲みに誘った。
(contributor: Paul)
励ます(はげます) is the dictionary form of
励まします(はげまします)
It is not a special case but sometimes easy to be confused with a
ます形 verb. (contributor: blabby)
D'oh! (contributor: Paul)
'べく'
This sounds very formal, so it fits #3914 only.
#3310
I would say 'エンジニアになれるように・・・。'
#3917
I would say '彼らは男を逮捕しようと追いかけた。'
(contributor: Nick)
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--- Notes ---
see
--- Examples ---
今後とも努力を致す所存であります。
We will make further efforts for it.
その頃わたくし共は北山の掘立小屋同様寝起きをいたして...
At about that time, we lived in a shack in Kitayama, where being awake and
sleeping were the same...(from Mori Ogai's 'Takasebune').
--- Comments ---
致す：「する」の謙譲語。動作者を低めることで聞き手を敬う。多く下に「ます」を付けて用いる。
from 大辞林
混乱する〜(-.-;) (contributor: Miki)
堀田小屋 should be 掘立小屋, meaning a crude shack built by
inserting the pillers directly into the ground without using any foundation
stones. (contributor: bamboo4)
Ah! I was so careful not to mess up my first contibution and I did! Sorry!
Thanks, bamboo4, for the catch. (contributor: Ness)
#5520 Ness, I think the sentence is missing ところで or ところに :
北山の掘立小屋同様のところに, otherwise the sentence doesn't
make sense. Please check the book again. (contributor: Miki)
Re #5520: Correct version is:
其頃わたくし共は北山の堀立小屋同樣の所に寢起をいたして.
(contributor: bamboo4)
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--- Notes ---
[名]＋をもって
This is a formal expression.
--- Examples ---
本日の営業は午後7時をもって終了いたします。
The store will close today at seven o'clock.
--- Comments ---
本日の営業は午後7時をもって終了いたします。
(contributor: rad)
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--- Notes ---
Formal.
Written more than spoken.
にせんがため is equivalent to にするため
uses the nai form of verbs without nai.
In the case of suru, it is, as in the name of the entry, せんがため.
--- Examples ---
キリスト教義の正当性をより強固にせんがための伏線ととれないこともありません。
This must be a covert effort in order to further strengthen the veracity of
the Christian dogma
あの頃わたしは大学に進学せんがために毎日必死でがんばった。
At that time, in order to go on to university I frantically did my best
everyday.
研究を完成させんがため、彼は昼夜寝ずにがんばった。
In order to finish the project, he worked day and night without sleeping.
一日も早く自分の店を持たんがために、必死で働いている。
To keep one's store going even one more day, one is frantically working.
--- Comments ---
Appeared in 2002 JLPT level 1 (contributor: Amatuka)
Old style usage, not in much use in modern Japanese. (contributor: Amatuka)
That's a horrible, horrible translation ^^vv (contributor: Amatuka)
any ideas on detailed difference with youni? (contributor: dc)
Hmm, I think the two big differences are
1. You'll probably never have to use せんがため
and
2. ように isn't tested in JLPT level 1.
;-) (contributor: Amatuka)
So, no I don't have any idea of detailed differences to youni youni
(contributor: Amatuka)
The English translation is not only inaccurate but terrible: 'This must be
a covert effort to further strengthen the veracity of the Christian dogma'
would be more like it. (contributor: bamboo4)
translation updated! (contributor: dc)
あの頃わたしは大学に進学せんがために毎日必死でがんばった。
At that time, in order to go on to university I frantically did my best
everyday. (contributor: beth)
thanks for the ex Beth. added #5734 (contributor: dc)
Not a comment on the Japanese, but the English: it's not 'everyday' but
'every day.' CAC (contributor: kyoho16)
Can this be used with other verbs, such as 入る？ My grammar book uses
this example:
何かを勉強したいというより、ただ一流大学に入らんがために勉強している人が多い。
If this is the same pattern, can someone update this entry? (contributor:
tmkain)
Is this the -nai form? It seems to me that it's really based on a
classical form, with the mizenkei of the verb, followed by volitional
particle 'mu' (with a not-uncommon sound change to 'n'). That's probably
a lot for a beginner with no classical experience to deal with, though.
(contributor: ggencare)
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--- Examples ---
想像だにしなかった
I never even imagined it
聞くだに恐ろしい
Just hearing about it is dreadful
今だに
even now
その時計は私の祖父が買ったのだが、いまだに調子が良い。
The clock, which my grandfather bought, is still in good order.
その質問はいまだに頭から離れない。
That question still sticks me.
その州では未だに古い慣習が根強い、とその文化人類学者は言っている。
The anthropologist says old customs still prevail in the province.
その傷はいまだに直らない。
The wound has not healed yet.
その母親は子供の死をいまだに嘆き悲しんでいた。
The mother was still grieving over her child's death.
なぜ彼が自殺をしたかはいまだに謎である。
Why he killed himself is still a mystery.
わが国の税制にはいまだに一貫した哲学がない。
Our tax system is still without coherent philosophy.
考えるだに恐ろしいことだ。
Even thinking about it is scary.
彼らはこのアイデアを一顧だにしない。
They won't even give the idea a chance.
--- Comments ---
いまだに(未だに) is one word. 副詞
(contributor: Miki)
未だに is parsed into 未だ and に.
(contributor: bamboo4)
いまだに = even now
いまどき = in this age (contributor: dc)
ex #3747 is a little off. The word 直る actually means to be fixed or
repaired. 治る is to heal. They have the same pronounciation (なおる)
but the kanji have different meanings. (contributor: CWebb)
just wondering, but how formal is this? Would you use this in everyday
speech, or formal speech, or writing only?
thanks! (contributor: EvilKyra)
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--- Notes ---
This is usually followed by a negative.
imasara (verb-ta) tokorode, (verb2-nai)
imasara setsumei shita tokorode, yurusanai.
= its too late to explain - you won't be forgiven
--- Examples ---
今さら説明したところで先生は許してくれないと思う。
It's too late to explain, I don't think the teacher will forgive you now.
今さら騒いだところで、どうにもならないよ。後の祭りだよ。
Yelling about it won't help now . You should have done that when it
counted.
今さら、戻ったところで、彼はもうおまえを愛しないようになった。
It's too late to come back, he no longer loves you.
--- Comments ---
not sure how this is different from (contributor: dc)
They are almost the same.
今頃になって説明したところで、…。
今頃になって説明したって、…。 (contributor: Miki)
ex#3980 can be also said as
今さら騒いでもどうにもならないよ。…。 (contributor:
Miki)
imasara-demo/temo (contributor: Miki)
A better translation would be ' Even if (one) had 〜ed now, ... still ...'
(contributor: 誠)
I agree with 誠. ex#3980 translation makes more sense as: 'Even if you
make a fuss now, nothing can be done (about it). It's too late!'
(contributor: godfrey)
I sometimes hear the slang version without the ところで at the end, for
example: 「いまさら言うなよ」 (contributor: nickm758)
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--- Examples ---
天気予報はめったにあたらない。
A weather report is rarely on target.
それは驚くに当たらない。
It is not to be wondered at.
同情するにあたらない、飲酒運転したんだから、自業自得だ
no need to feel sorry for him, he was drunk-driving so its his own fault.
--- Comments ---
Although example 3680 is correct in structure, its context is somewhat
incorrect.
--Ni Ataranai = isn't worthy of --
Ataranai = opposite of ataru (to be right on)
(contributor: Yuto)
自業自得 = As you sow, so shall you reap.
(contributor: bamboo4)
#3680
あたらない in this case if different from other examples because
あたる mere means 'hit the target' like bullet. Accordingly, 'A weather
forecasts are rarely near the mark' would be more appropriate.
(contributor: bamboo4)
This is often used with words such as 驚く, 嘆く, 褒める, etc.
(contributor: blabby)
Can also be used without the する. When used with just the noun
(非難、同情、称賛、etc.) this phrase could be translated as
'doesn't merit (criticism, sympathy, admiration, etc.)' (contributor:
srobertson)
Therefore, i think ＃３６８０ does not belong to this category since
it doesn't imply the meaning 「〜no need to ...」 (contributor: 誠)
Correct, 誠 (contributor: bamboo4)
I disagree with bamboo4 and 誠. I think that the given definition
itself is too restrictive and wrong. The literal meaning of #4233 could be
more accurately described as 'sympathy (for that person) DOES NOT MATCH the
reality (of what that person has done) = sympathy is not warranted in this
case.' I think that #3680 should stay, because it shows the diversity and
the true basic spirit of this expression. That is, all examples here have
the meaning of something 'not matching,' 'being off the mark' or 'not
appropriate.' I think we should change the definition since it is
misleading. (contributor: godfrey)
当たる in #3680 does not mean 'match' but it really means phyisical
striking like an arrow hitting the target. The other examples of あたる
does not have that physical meaning. While I agree that the definition is
not appropriate, I still think #3680 stands alone here.
(contributor: bamboo4)
Isn't the construction of #4045 and #4233 this:
「動詞」にあたらない
but #3680 actually:
｢副詞」あたらない （副詞＝めったに） (contributor:
熊君)
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--- Notes ---
means '-ish' or 'steeped in'. hard to translate!
これはうまくいくだろうと確信めいたものを感じていた。
I felt sure that this would work out.
--- Examples ---
社長の皮肉めいた言い方を、社員は不快に感じている
because of the President's sarcastic like way of speech, the employees felt
uncomfortable.
きらめく太陽に青い海、考えだけでも胸がときめくわ。
The glisten ing sun on the blue sea...Ahhh, just thinking about it makes my
heart beat fast.
俺たちは十年来の友人じゃないか、そんな他人めいた言い方をするなよ。
Hey, we've been friends for many years right? Don't use such a
strangerish/stranger- like style of speaking with me!
--- Comments ---
what does this mean? example:
山は春めく
(contributor: dc)
This grammar is quite difficult because it is hard to translate into
English. The best translation I can come up with is
* to become ~like (山は春めく - 'The mountain became spring-like')
* to show signs of (show signs of spring)
* ~ish (他人めく - 'strangerish')？
* ~ly (冗談めく - Jokingly/皮肉めく - sarcastically)
* ~ing (謎めく - Puzzling) (contributor: blabby)
Another interesting thing about this grammar is its use with
擬音語/擬態語
きらきらする = きらめく To glitter
ひらひらする = ひらめく To flash/flutter
どきどきする? = ときめく To pulpitate
If anyone can correct this or has more information, I would love to hear
it. (contributor: blabby)
きらめく、ときめく are totally different animals from
皮肉めいた、他人めいた。 (contributor: dc)
名詞や副詞、形容詞や形容動詞の語幹base＋めく means like
something or being in a condtion of something. (contributor: Miki)
I thought that きらめく/ときめく was different to
皮肉めく/他人めく too. But in my old grammar dictionary and here:
http://ws.31rsm.ne.jp/~toolware/dictionary/412.html
they are treated as the same grammar point. Can anyone clarify this?
(contributor: blabby)
Natsumeku/Natsumeita/Natsumeite
I think they all mean 'summer-like'. (contributor: Suitto)
That's just the transformation of natsumeku 夏めく. Yes, all means
'summer-like'
すっかり夏めいてまいりました。皆様いかがお過ごしでしょうか。
Natsumeku here is used as compliments of the season for June in a letter.
(contributor: Miki)
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--- Notes ---
implies a special characteristic, or something that is unique to (that type
of person)
Almost always seems to be used like
noun +ならでは + の + noun
○ あの人ならではの能力
× あの人ならではできる
--- Examples ---
あの人ならではこのような文章を書けなかっただろう。
No one could have written such a prose as this one except him.
あの人ならではとてもこの仕事はできない。
Noone but he would be equal to this task.
こんな美味しい料理は母親ならではのものです。
no one but mother could have made such delicious food.
その辞書ならではの特徴
characteristic of the dictionary
この季節ならではの感じなのかもしれない。
a feeling special to this season perhaps
地方ならではの魅力的な仕事
A charming type of work specific to the region
うるさいマスターならではの料理は、どれも新鮮で、うまいっ
Especially for the fussy 'master' (husband?) anything fresh and tasty.
y限定・入手困難】の入荷に強い当社ならではの商品力とプライスに必ずご満足頂けると思います。
With that company's stress on limited edition and hard to obtain goods, you
are sure to be satisfied. (bad trans)
こんな新しい発想はあのデザイナーならではのものです。
Such a new conception is something only of that designer.
--- Comments ---
ならでは is equal to でなくては.
(contributor: bamboo4)
#5012 I think this would be better Japanese.
こんなおいしい料理は、母親ならではのものです。
or こんなおいしい料理は母親でなくては作れない。
母親ならでは作られない。is somewhat not natural for me.
(contributor: Miki)
I agree, Miki-san. (contributor: bamboo4)
changed. (contributor: dc)
is this a little like 「のことだから」
弘子のことだから、遅れました。
its hiroko of course, so she was late. (contributor: dc)
It is not like 弘子のことだから, which means 'as it is usual for
Hiroko.' Accordingly, you would not say
弘子のことだから、遅れました, but you would say
弘子のことだから、遅れるでしょう. In other words, we use
that expression for prediction rather than description of what actually
took place. If you want to say 'HIroko was late, as usual,' you would say
例によって(いつもの通り）、弘子は遅れてきた.
(contributor: bamboo4)
dc
You can also say : 弘子はいつも通りに遅れてきた (contributor:
誠)
So would it be correct to say that in cases where ならでは isn't
followed by の it will always be followed by a phrase containing a
negative verb? (contributor: Sumofan)
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--- Examples ---
仕事がはかどってるようですね
Looks like you are making progress in your work.
どの程度はかどっているのですか？
How much progress are you making?
あの人は学校の勉強のほうははかどっているのですか。
How is getting along with his school work?
仕事は非常にはかどっている。
The work is marching right along.
--- Comments ---
はか means the results from one's efforts - see はかない.はかどる
therefore takes the results of your efforts in making progress.
(contributor: bamboo4)
I wonder if this is really JLPT level 3? (contributor: dc)
this is an interesting phrase, but is this a grammar construct, or
vocabulary I wonder? (contributor: anon)
Maybe as bamboo4 said before that haka is the result from one's effort,
then haka+toru (take the result) becomes hakadoru which resulted to the
meaning 'making progress'... (contributor: Ethanol)
I am not sure about the connection b/n はかどる/はかない.
捗る(はかどる)-JPLT1 vocab (Kanji) / 儚い(はかない) - JPLT1
vocab (no kanji). It seems this may simply be Lev.1 vocab rather than
grammar? (contributor: samboki)
good word but it's vocab. The meaning of surrounding word constructs do not
change based on it. (contributor: Bakurosareta)
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--- Examples ---
さすが、彼は期待を裏切らないね。
That's just what one would expect of him.
さすがだね。君ならやってくれると思っていたよ。
Excellent! It's just like you to come through like that.
さすがに偉大な学者だけあって、彼はその問いに容易に答えた。
Like the great scholar that he was, he answered the question easily.
年の功と言うのか、彼の意見はさすがに一日の長があるね。
Maybe it's his age but his opinions seem a little more grounded in
experience than everyone else's.
彼はさすがに大学へ行っただけのことはある。
He did not go to college for nothing.
本当の事を言ったとはさすがに勇気がある。
You were courageous to tell the truth.
--- Comments ---
seems to usually be used for positive things. you would not say 'he
cheated. after all, he is a lawyer..' (contributor: dc)
ex4131 一日の長 ichijitsu no chou 〔論語 Analects〕:
経験・技能・知識などに若干すぐれていること。
(contributor: Miki)
さすが = さすがに 流石 sasuga (contributor: Miki)
This might be a good example of how to use さすが in a more casual way.
Last time I went to karaoke I went with a bunch of bandmen, and after a
vocalist of a certain band blew us all away, everyone said at the same
time「さすがにプロだね！！」 (contributor: マリ)
Mikiさん、例文[#4132]には何か間違っている、あるいは不足しているみたいな気がしているけど再調査をお願いします。
(contributor: ppmohapatra)
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--- Examples ---
どんなことがあっても
No matter what happens.
どんなことを言ったとしても.....
No matter whatever you said......
どんな人も、入ることはできません
Noone whatsoever can enter.
どんな意見でも聞き入れるようにします。
We try to accept whatever opinion you may have.
どんな風に説明したの？
In what manner did you explain it?
どんなに飲んでももっとほしい
No matter how much I drink, I want more.
あなたはその事とどんな関係があるのですか。
What do you have to do with this matter?
--- Comments ---
Tried to show similarity to 'ikanaru-demo' which is not necessarily
conversational. (contributor: bamboo4)
should this be donna-demo to keep consistency with [ikanaru-demo]
(contributor: dc)
I don't think so. どんな is not inherently coupled with でも.
(contributor: bamboo4)
for #3000
i was told:
どんな人も、入る事はできません sounds odd.
more natural are:
誰も入る事はできません
誰も入れません
but these arent examples of !
is there a reason this might sound uncomfortable? (contributor: dc)
どんなに飲んでももっとほしい
→
どんなに飲んでももっと欲しくなる (contributor: dc)
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--- Examples ---
トムはいまや以前にもまして勤勉に働いている。
Tom works more diligently now.
何ものにもまして私は健康になりたい。
Above all, I want to be healthy.
彼は以前にもまして勉強しようと決めたのです。
He decided to study harder.
彼は何物にもまして名誉を重んじる。
He values honor above anything else.
その花は色が美しいのにもまして、香りが素晴らしい。
This flowers color is beautiful. However, the scent is even more
beautiful.
--- Comments ---
how is this different from より ？ (contributor: dc)
にも+まして（増して）is similar to より here.
I feel にもまして is more emphasized than より in telling the
difference. (contributor: Miki)
is this a written only word? (contributor: dc)
「AにもましてBは〜だ」
= A is 〜 but B is even more 〜.
= Aも〜だが、さらにBの方が上だ。 (contributor: blabby)
Is this almost like TORIWAKE ?? (contributor: naimononedari)
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--- Examples ---
遺憾の極みである
be most regrettable
光栄の極みである
be extremely honored
混乱の極みである
feel quite confused
混乱の極みにある理由を説明する
explain why is feeling so churned up
興奮の極みに
at the height of excitement
ぜいたくの極み
height of luxury
混乱の極み
state of extreme disorder
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--- Notes ---
Same as といっても but:
といっても is for spoken clauses, and
とはいえ is for written clauses.
way of use: P1 とはいえ P2.
P1 is the sentence in question, P2 is the reason why.
--- Examples ---
春とはいえまだ風は冷たい。
This is Spring, however wind is still freezing.
春になったとはいえ朝晩はまだ寒い。
Spring has came, but mornings and evenings are still cold.
携帯用とはいえ５キロも６キロもある。
'for mobile use' but it weighs 5 kg or more.
便利とはいえパソコンは高いのでなかなか買えない。
'useful' computer but so expensive that I can't hardly buy it.
８０才の祖母は、この間階段で転んで足を痛め、歩くのが不自由になってしまった。とはいえ、全く歩けないということではないので、家事をするには問題ないとのことだ。
Recently, my 80 years old grand mother fall in the stairs and hurt herself
in the feet, so unfortunately she became disabled for walking. However,
even if she can't walk, she have no problem to do his housework.
仕事が山のようにあって、日曜日とはいえ、山社しなければならない。
Because I have a mountain of work, on Sunday however I must work hard.
昔に比べて体力が衰えたとはいえ、まだまだ若い者には負けない。
Compared with olden days, my physical strength is declining, however I
didn't loose against young people yet.
--- Comments ---
Delete this item! (contributor: bamboo4)
I agree 消してください (contributor: tigert)
I intended to give a second live to this entry. Is it OK now? (contributor:
赤毛)
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--- Examples ---
寒いほどおいしい酒が出来ると言われている
the colder it is the more delicious sake can become, it is said
彼は口も利けないほど腹を立てていた。
He could not speak, he was so angry.
ドアが閉まらないほど込んでいます。
It is so crowded, the door cannot be closed
一日では食べきれないほどのリンゴがある。
We have more apples than we could eat in a day.
この英語の小説は、君が一週間で読めるほどやさしくない。
This English novel is not easy enough for you to read in a week.
この家具のほうが比較にならないほど上等である。
This furniture is superior beyond comparison.
この果物は摘み取られるほど成長していない。
This fruit has not ripened enough to be picked.
この仕事は死ぬほどしんどい。
This job is killing me.
愛するものを失う（こと）ほどつらいことはない。
Nothing is as terrible as losing someone you love.
この店は僕が望んでいるほど遅くまで開いていない。
This store doesn't stay open as late as I'd like.
この薬は鼻水に不思議なほどよく効く。
This medicine will do wonders for a runny nose.
これまで訪れた中で、エベレストほど美しい山を見たことがない。
In all my travels I've never seen a more beautiful mountain than Everest.
そう言う訳で、私は彼を死ぬほど憎んでいる。
That's why I have such an extreme hatred for him.
そのコーヒーは私が飲めないほど熱かった。
The coffee was too hot for me to drink.
あの店はこちらの都合に合わせるほど遅くまでやっていない。
That shop does not stay open as late as would suit my convenience.
--- Comments ---
In the second example, 閉まらないほど would be 'cannot be closed'
instead of opened.
In the third example, 'can be made' assumes possibility of human
intervention, whereas 出来る denies that. So, the English should be 'can
become' instead of 'can be made.' (contributor: bamboo4)
ex. 666 and 1211 seem different from 263.
The first two have the effect coming before ほど.. can not
speakほどangry. can not openほどcrowded.
Example 263 seems backwards, but is similar to the explanation for
〜ば〜ほど.
Could someone explain the first two examples, please? (contributor:
gtunak85)
To add to that, the first two examples, ほど has the effect of 'such
that.'
Such that he could not speak, he was angry.
Such that the door could not be closed, it was crowded.
Does that soudn right? (contributor: gtunak85)
I think it is smoother if the English versions of the first two examples
read:
He was so angry that he could hardly speak.
It was so crowded that the door cluld not be closed.
(contributor: bamboo4)
お酒 would be 冷たい (tsumetai) not 寒い (samui), wouldn't it? I
get this one confused a lot--based on situation, so I thought I'd ask to
clarify. (contributor: jpeppel)
Yes, but this is not talking about the sake itself - but the environment in
which it is made... from the icy north comes delicious sake...
ってこと？ (contributor: anon)
or possibly depending on context: in cold weather hot sake tastes more
delicious? (contributor: anon)
出来る cannot have the connotation of 'taste more delicious.'
(contributor: bamboo4)
but isn't this talking about 'making' お酒 as opposed to tasting, as
mentioned above (...from the icy north comes delicious sake)? (contributor:
jj)
i think the entry meaning should be ' so〜(such)that...' for ' 〜ほど '
'the more... , the more ...' should be the entry for '〜ば〜ほど ' ,
therefore any examples with the meaning ' the more... the more...' should
be moved to the corresponding entry, to avoid confusion.
お願い致します (contributor: 誠)
会場にあふれるほど、ギターを持った若者が集まっていた
戦争ほど悲惨なものはない
Have these ほど the same meaning? ?_? (contributor: Lucia06)
I think 'extent' is the best single-word equivalent for ほど. It fits
with most of the example sentences above. (contributor: Sumofan)
I agree with Sumofan. I found this sentence in a song:
飽きるほど でんわした. I called until I got tired of calling.
(contributor: pingpongpaddle)
I also learned that 'extent' or 'as much as' is a good representation for
ほど.
Also, I once read a Japan Times piece about the set phrase
それほどではありません。Apparently, it is good to use whenever
you want to respond humbly to a compliment (e.g. about how good your lousy
Japanese is). (contributor: yookoso)
Yookosoさん、ありがとうございます。I have been wanting to
know the polite way to say, 'I know my japanese sucks, but thanks for the
complement.' 今まで僕は「まぁ、そんな。。。」を使いましたがそれは本当に女性の話し方ですね。一人のコーワーカは僕に「マットさん、大釜ですか？」と聞きました。ほかの人々は「やっぱりマットさんの日本語の先生が女の人ですね」ということもあります。
(contributor: tigert)
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--- Notes ---
Noun + ずくめだ。
Noun + ずくめ + の + Noun
--- Examples ---
その学校は規則ずくめだ。
That school is full of rules.
幸せずくめに見えた彼女にも人知れぬ悩みがあったんだね。
The girl that seemed full of happiness even had hidden worries.
彼は全身黒ずくめだった。
He was wearing all black.
日本語能力試験の一級も無事合格したし、今年はいいことずくめだった。
I managed to pass JLPT level 1 with no problems, this year was full of so
many good things.
--- Comments ---
Similar in some ways to 'だらけ' and 'まみれ' and it seems to have
the same meaning as '全て〜ばかり' or
'〜ばかりたくさんある'.
It often has the form of Adjective+こと+ずくめ
(contributor: blabby)
ずくめ also written 尽くめ added to a noun means 100% so.But there
are a lot of nouns and noun phrases which to do accept ずくめ.
(contributor: bamboo4)
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--- Examples ---
あなたをおいて、この会社の社長の適任者はいない
Apart from you, there is noone suitable for this company's President.
日本のミサから:「主よ、あなたは神の子キリスト、永遠の命の糧。あなたをおいて誰のところに行きましょう。」
From the Japanese Mass: 'Lord, you are Christ, the Son of God, Bread of
eternal life. Without you, to whom should we go?'
--- Comments ---
を措いて wo oite followed by 〜ない or negative (contributor: Miki)
How is this different from 以外 【いがい】? (contributor: yookoso)
昨日の事を措いて、今日はどうやて帰るの？
I'm wondering if this is grammatically correct? (contributor: ozonitabetai)
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--- Examples ---
サッカーで日本が勝って、韓国人の金さんがどんな気持ちかなんて、そんなこと、言わずもがなのことだよ。
Japan wins at football, it's a thing you don't even need to ask about to
know how the Korean Mr. Kim feels.
新しい電気製品なんて、買わずもがなで、買うとろくなものがない。
New eletronic gadgets - Pah! - as well not to buy them, if you do then
nothing good will come of it.
あの人の書く文章には無くもがなといえる言葉が多い。
In his writings, there are a number of words which might better have been
left out.
--- Comments ---
Two general uses, 1. Something doesn't need doing / saying. (contributor:
Amatuka)
2. Something should not be done / said (contributor: Amatuka)
NOTE: This is /relatively/ low usage in modern Japanese - but appeared on
2000 JLPT level 1. (contributor: Amatuka)
I agree with NOTE. I asked J co-workers if they use 買わずもがな, I
was asked the meanings. I know only 言わずもがな. (contributor: Miki)
Formed by V-nai base + ずもがな
e.g. 買う→買わない→買わずもがな
Vn = V-nai base (contributor: Amatuka)
もがな dates bqck to the Heian era, and it means that what precedes
もがな would be the desire of the speaker. It is an archaic Japanese
which only finds its use in some set expressions, such as
言わずもがな,which literally would mean 'I desire that I do not say
that' that would include the case of my regret for having said what I said.
My 広辞苑 shows the following:
あらずもがな、言わずもがな、無くもがな、やらずもがな
and 由もがな.
While 買わずもがな is grammatically correct, I am not sure if it is
actually used.
In any event, except perhaps 言わずもがな, all other instances of the
use of もがな are pretty archaic.
(contributor: bamboo4)
なくもがな 【無くもがな】
（連語）
ないほうがよい。あらずもがな。
「あの一言は≠ｾった」「≠ﾌ差しで口」 (contributor:
kanoko)
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--- Examples ---
用心に越したことはないんですが．．
You can never be too careful
この仕事は経験がなくてもかまわないが、もちろんある
に越したことは無い。
This job doesn't require experience but it would probably be an advantage.
明日、雨が降らないと言っても、傘を持つに越したことは無い。
Even though they said it won't rain tomorrow, better to have your umbrella
with you just in case.
病気の時は寝るに越したことはない。
When you are sick, sleeping is the best thing to do.
日本語が話せるようになりたかったら、日本へ行くに越したことはないと思うけれど、まずアメリカでちゃんと勉強してから行った方がいいと思います。
If you want to become proficient in Japanese, the best thing is to go to
Japan, but I think you should first study properly in America.
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--- Examples ---
もうこの近所はただでさえうるさいところが、今週は近くで工事が始まったため、夜は一睡も出来なくなった。
This neighbourhood is already normally noisy enough but this week
construction started nearby so now I can hardly get a wink of sleep.
もうただでさえ迷惑をかけているのに〜
Haven't you caused enough trouble already?
これは
ただでさえおいしいものが、さらに我が隠し味を入れたら美味しくてたまらなくなるよ。
This is normally really delicious anyway but if you add our special
ingredient it will be irresistable.
今日はただでさえ忙しいのに、母に買い物に行かされた
To day, I'm already busy enough but ,my mother wanted me to go shopping
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--- Notes ---
〜いかんによらず ＝ 〜いかんにかかわらず
＝ 〜いかんを問わず
意味 ：〜がどうであるかに関係なく
What is the difference between 名詞＋を問わず and
名詞＋の＋いかんを問わず？
--- Examples ---
理由のいかんによらず、殺人は許されないことだ。
Regardless of the reason, murder is not permitted.
国籍のいかんを問わず、採用試験を受けることのできる自治体が増えている。
The number of municipalities where one can take the employment test
regardless of nationalty is increasing.
--- Comments ---
理由（りゆう）の如何（いかん）によらず
This means 'no matter what reason there is.'
Usually, Japanese people say '理由が何であろうとも' instead.
(contributor: Nick)
'理由が何であろうとも' would be used especially in speaking. In
written form, 'いかんにもよらず' is often seen. (contributor: Miki)
A better translation for #5473 is 'The number of municipalities where you
can take the employment test regardless of nationalty is increasing.
(contributor: samboki)
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--- Notes ---
always follows a noun. written only
〜でなくてなんだろう literally means : 'If it is not 〜,then
what it is/ what can it be?'
--- Examples ---
このケーキが世界一でなくてなんだろう。
If this isn't the world's best cake, then I don't know what is.
あの国の大統領は国民の意見は無視して何でも自分一人で決定する。これが独裁者でなくてなんだろう。
The president of that country decides everything himself ignoring nation's
concerns. If that's not dictatorship, then i don't know what is.
自分の命を犠牲にして多くの人を救ったあの男が英雄でなくてなんだろう。
--- Comments ---
JLPT Level 4? (contributor: anon)
well spotted. Level 1 i think. (contributor: dc)
JPLT Level 1 without a doubt. (contributor: olivier)
not to be a nit-picker, but how does that example sentence fit in with
'written only'? (contributor: rasmusjp)
suppose we're talking about a person, is 〜でなくてだれだろう
acceptable? (same goes for places, time, etc) (contributor: cosmo)
たとえば？あの人はスミスさんでなくてだれだろう？とか？I
think its grammatically correct its just probably not used. Also consider
that when speaking about other people you have to be careful about
politeness, so saying なくてだれだろう？might be considered a
little bit rude. (contributor: iamharenchi)
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--- Notes ---
* iu made mo naku is used only in the midle of the phase.
* iu made mo nai or 'iu mo oroka' is used in the end of the phase.
--- Examples ---
いつものカクテルは言うまでもなく、フランス製のシャンペンも出された。
We were served French champagne, not to mention the usual cocktails.
ここには、結果の不正確さは言うまでもなく、方法論上の問題が数多く存在している。
There are a number of methodological problems here, not to mention the
inaccuracy of some of the results.
その先生は、英語は言うまでもなく、立派なフランス語を話す。
The teacher speaks good French, not to mention English.
ジェーンはギターは言うまでもなく、バイオリンもひける。
Jane can play the violin, not to mention the guitar.
ボストンは私には寒すぎるが、シカゴは言うまでもなくもっと寒い。
Boston is too cold for me, let alone Chicago.
英語は言うまでもなく、彼はドイツ語も話せる。
He speaks German, not to mention English.
核兵器は言うまでもなく、原子力発電も危険である。
Nuclear power plants are dangerous, not to mention nuclear weapons.
核兵器は言うまでもなく、原子力発電所も危険である。
Nuclear power plants are dangerous, not to mention nuclear weapons.
私たちにとって彼の勇気は言うまでもなく、彼の知恵にも感嘆した。
We admired his wisdom, not to mention his courage.
私達は彼の勇気は言うまでもなく、彼の知恵にも感嘆した。
We admired his wisdom, not to mention his courage.
人を嫌うのは言うまでもなく、人を信頼できないことが、人間の苦しみの根源だ。
istrust of people, not to mention hate, is the root of human suffering.
彼の妻は今や彼らの２人の子供は言うまでもなく、彼の祖父も面倒を見なければならなかった。
His wife now had to take care of his grandfather, not to mention their two
children.
彼はスペインは言うまでもなく、ポルトガルへも行ったことがある。
He has been to Portugal, not to mention Spain.
彼はフランス語は言うまでもなく、英語も話せない。
He doesn't speak English, not to mention French.
彼は英語とフランス語は言うまでもなく、ドイツ語も話せる。
He can speak German, not to mention English and French.
彼は英語は言うまでもなくフランス語とドイツ語を話せる。
He can speak French and German, not to mention English.
彼は英語は言うまでもなくフランス語も話せる。
He can speak French, not to mention English.
彼は化学は言うまでもなく数学もほとんど知らない。
He knows little of mathematics, still of chemistry.
彼は和書は言うまでもなく洋書も読んでいる。
He reads foreign books, not to mention Japanese ones.
彼は贅沢品は言うまでもなく、日用品を買うのにも事欠く。
He cannot afford the common comforts of life, not to mention luxuries.
彼女は英語は言うまでもなく、フランス語とドイツ語も話せる。
She speaks French and German, not to mention English.
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--- Notes ---
in certain circumstances, it would be possible.
often used with imagine 'it would not be hard to imagine this happening'
--- Examples ---
彼の不安は想像にかたくない
Its not hard to imagine he is worried
彼の喜びは、察するにかたくない。
It's not hard to guess how happy he is.
--- Comments ---
This is very often used with 想像する and 察する. (contributor:
blabby)
子供を亡くした親の悲しみは、察するにかたくない。
(contributor: khongbietboi)
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--- Notes ---
in certain circumstances, it would be possible.
often used with imagine 'it would not be hard to imagine this happening'
--- Examples ---
彼の不安は想像にかたくない
Its not hard to imagine he is worried
彼の喜びは、察するにかたくない。
It's not hard to guess how happy he is.
--- Comments ---
This is very often used with 想像する and 察する. (contributor:
blabby)
子供を亡くした親の悲しみは、察するにかたくない。
(contributor: khongbietboi)
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--- Notes ---
and do not always have negative connotations
whereas implies more regret, or that the action was done carelessly.
other words for suddenly include
いきなり
突然「とつぜん」
--- Examples ---
電車の中でふと木村さんを見かけた
By coincidence, I happened to see Kimura san on the train
ふと新しい考えが浮かんだ。
Suddenly, I hit upon this new idea.
テレビを見ていて学生時代の友達をふと思い出した。
Watching TV,I had this instant recall of the memory of my friend during my
student days.
ふとした事が人生の分かれ目になることがある。
A pure happenstance can be a die-casting event in your life.
うまい考えがふと浮かんだ。
A happy idea came upon me.
素晴らしい考えがふと心に浮かんだ。
A bight idea occurred to me.
その言葉はふと彼の口から漏れた。
That word dropped from his mouth.
その老人はふと立ち止まって振り返った。
The old man stopped suddenly and looked back.
それは秘密にしておくべきではないと私はふと思った。
It occurred to me that I should not keep it secret.
ふとしたことからその噂は嘘だと分った。
Accidentally, the rumor has turned out to be false.
財布を家に忘れてきたことをふと思い出した。
It occurred to me that I had left my purse at home.
私の見たことを話そうかなとふと思った。
I had a notion to tell what I had seen.
私はふとその男が私をだまして金を奪い取ろうとしているのだと思った。
It occurred to me that the man was tryng to cheat me out of moy money.
私はふと彼女が何かを隠そうとしていると感じた。
It struck me that the girl was trying to hide something.
私は列車の中に鞄を忘れたことをふと思い出した。
It occurred to me that I had left my bg on the train.
試行錯誤の末、彼はふと正しい答えを思いついた。
Through trial and error, he found the right answer by chance.
彼こそ適任者であるという考えがふと心に浮かんだ。
It occurred to me that he was the right man.
彼はそれを見るとふと魔がさして盗んだ。
The sight tempted him to steal.
彼はわざとそうしたんだとふと私は思った。
It occurred to me that he had done it on purpose.
彼は何かを隠そうとしていると、私はふと思った。
It occurred to me that he was trying to conceal something.
彼は真実を何も言わないかもしれないということがふと頭に浮かんだ。
It occurred to me that he might not tell the truth.
彼らのあざ笑いをふと耳にした。
I overheard their mockery.
彼女はふと名案を思いついた。
She hit upon a good idea.
僕はふと足を止めた。〔M〕
Suddenly, my feet stopped.
--- Comments ---
whats the difference with いきなり or 突然？ (contributor: dc)
hmm this is a very good question... Let me think. (contributor: Miki)
ふと would be used in the sense of 'incidentally' or 'by some unexpected
turn of event.' It is more or less an unexpected thing that catch you more
or less passively.
いきなり and 突然 has the connotation of 'out of blue' or 'abruptly'
so that there is a big element of surprise. (contributor: bamboo4)
what is the difference with 偶然 ? (contributor: marvin)
偶然 「ぐうぜん」 I think means more what a coincidence. As in
'what a surprise to see you here!'
突然 「とつぜん」is more similar, like 'out of the blue'.
いきなり is another similar word.
いきなり結婚した - got married all of a sudden (contributor: dc)
For me, there are hints (like endling と) for the word is an onomatopoeia
construction, that's the difference... As in,
「ふと気がついたの。」''Pooh!' - the realization came.' Although
it's not as childish in Japanese, as they use onomatopoeia words a lot.
(contributor: Kaens)
Yes. Bamboo4 is correct. 3940 should start 'Incidentally, ' (contributor:
christ)
Kaens へ
I don't think ふと、is not an onomatopoeia construction. In kanji 不図
not planned, not mapped, unexpectedly, etc.
I don't know why they don't write it in kanji though, as both are easy...
(contributor: ookaminote)
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